减税激励与企业异质性创新  

Tax Reduction Incentives and Heterogeneous Innovation in Enterprises

作　　者：蔡宏波[1,2] 汤城建 毛健 CAI Hongbo;TANG Chengjian;MAO Jian(Business School,Beijing Normal University;Belt and Road School,Beijing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院,100875 [2]北京师范大学一带一路学院,100875

出　　处：《经济研究》2025年第2期107-123,共17页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学创新团队北京师范大学“面向全球倡议的中华文化研究”和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(1233300001)的资助。

摘　　要：我国的高新技术企业政策致力于提升企业的创新能力,然而企业在申请认定高新技术企业过程中可能存在的操纵行为会在一定程度上扭曲政策效果,不利于企业创新能力的提升。本文基于2008—2019年全国企业税收调查数据与发明专利数据,使用群聚-双重差分(bunching-DID)方法对策略型高新技术企业与典型高新技术企业的创新能力差异进行了实证研究。结果发现:(1)不同规模企业均有通过操纵研发密度获得高新技术企业资格的情况,并且此类企业的数量与比重逐年增加,其中操纵研发密度的大中型企业数量与比重均多于小型企业;(2)高新技术企业政策对典型高新技术企业创新能力具有显著激励效应,固定资产投资与人力资本升级是其创新能力提升的重要影响渠道,而策略型高新技术企业创新能力没有得到显著提升;(3)策略型高新技术企业的存在会给典型高新技术企业带来创新污染效应,削弱典型高新技术企业创新能力;(4)地区税收征管能力的增强会显著抑制策略型高新技术企业的研发密度操纵行为,并能够对典型高新技术企业创新能力带来更大的提升作用。本文的研究方法与相关结论为评估创新激励政策效果与后续调整优化政策作用对象提供了理论参考。China has implemented the High-tech Enterprise Certification(HTEC)policy to enhance innovation capabilities among enterprises.However,during the actual execution process,some enterprises engage in manipulative practices.These manipulative behaviors not only distort the intended effects of the policy but also compromise the fairness and effectiveness of the innovation incentive policy,resulting in inequitable resource allocation and a deviation from policy objectives.Therefore,evaluating the policy's effectiveness and optimizing its targets have become urgent issues that need to be addressed.This paper focuses on the HTEC policy,exploring its incentive effects on enterprises'innovation capabilities.The study distinguishes between strategic high-tech enterprises(HTEs)(those that qualify by manipulating R&D intensity)and typical HTEs(those that genuinely meet the criteria)to analyze the differences in innovation.By examining manipulative behaviors and their impact on innovation capabilities,the paper reveals the heterogeneity in policy effects and proposes optimization recommendations.This paper adopts the Bunching-Difference in Differences(Bunching-DID)strategy,combined with the National Tax Survey data and invention patent data from 2008 to 2019,to identify the heterogeneous effects of the HTEC policy on the innovation capabilities of strategic and typical HTEs.The study finds that enterprises generally engage in R&D intensity manipulation,with larger and medium-sized enterprises having stronger motives for manipulation.The HTEC policy has a significant incentive effect on the innovation capabilities of typical HTEs,with fixed asset investment and human capital upgrading being important channels.However,strategic HTEs,due to certain pre-existing characteristics and post-policy operational decisions,fail to achieve significant innovation capability improvements.Strategic HTEs weaken the innovation capabilities of typical HTEs through innovation pollution effects.Enhanced regional tax administration capacity can inh

关 键 词：高新技术企业政策 企业创新 群聚-双重差分 创新污染效应 

分 类 号：F273.1[经济管理—企业管理]