真空镀膜技术在金属客体上手印显现的应用  

Application of Vacuum Metal Deposition for Development of Latent Fingerprints on Metal Surfaces

作　　者：张振清 李宝明 邓煦 王明超 申金 ZHANG Zhenqing;LI Baoming;DENG Xun;WANG Mingchao;SHEN Jin(Department of Police Technology,Zhengzhou Police College,Zhengzhou 450053,China;Qingdao Division,Jinan Railway Public Security Bureau,Qingdao 250031,China;Guiyang Division,Chengdu Railway Public Security Bureau,Guiyang 550081,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州警察学院刑事科学技术系,郑州450053 [2]济南铁路公安局青岛铁路公安处,青岛250031 [3]成都铁路公安局贵阳铁路公安处,贵阳550081

出　　处：《中国表面工程》2025年第1期303-313,共11页China Surface Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21805208);河南省科技攻关项目(242102321036、222102320474);中央高校基本科研业务基金(2022TJJBKY007)。

摘　　要：近年来涉及管制刀具等金属物品的刑事案件逐渐增多,利用传统方法显现金属客体上的手印时,显现出来的手印乳突纹线易于和金属客体表面的划痕产生视觉干扰,影响手印的显现效果。利用真空镀膜技术显现遗留在黄铜、紫铜、304不锈钢、铝合金上的汗潜手印。按照手印样本制作规范,上述金属客体中分别按捺汗潜手印,继而研究喷镀金属组合、喷镀金属用量、喷镀金属先后顺序及汗潜手印遗留时间对金属客体上潜在手印的显出率、显现效果存在影响。试验得出,在黄铜、紫铜、304不锈钢客体上,选用10 mg银丝与100 mg锌粒搭配采用先银后锌的顺序进行喷镀,汗潜手印显现质量最佳。在铝合金客体上,选用4 mg金丝与100 mg锌粒搭配采用先金后锌的顺序进行喷镀,汗潜手印显现质量最佳。基于真空镀膜技术较好地实现了对金属客体上遗留时间在7 d以内的汗潜手印的显现。此外,喷镀金属组合、喷镀金属用量、喷镀金属先后顺序及汗潜手印遗留时间对金属客体上潜在手印的显出率、显现效果均存在影响。所提出的方法是现有显现金属客体上潜在手印的重要补充,对涉及金属制品的案件可为刑事科学技术人员提供一定的参考价值。The number of criminal cases involving metal objects,such as controlled knives,has gradually increased in recent years.Perpetrators frequently leave fingerprints on metal surfaces,such as stainless-steel door handles,tools,and knives,which can provide crucial evidence.Traditional methods for developing latent fingerprints on metal surfaces include powder,laser,multiband light-source,suspension development,smoke,and high-voltage electrostatic methods.When traditional methods are used to reveal fingerprints on metal surfaces,the ridge lines of the fingerprints often visually interfere with scratches on the metal surface,which can affect the clarity of the fingerprint display.Furthermore,these methods require high equipment standards and are challenging to operate onsite,making them difficult to be implemented widely by local public security organizations.The vacuum metal deposition(VMD)exhibits several characteristics that make it highly sensitive and versatile.One of its key advantages is its ability to preserve DNA and other biologically active components in fingerprints,making it suitable for various applications.VMD is widely used to reveal the latent fingerprints of nonpermeable and semipermeable objects,and it also has a significant effect on aged and problematic latent fingerprints.The handprinted lines are clear and coherent,displaying significant contrast and detailed features.The advantage of VMD lies in its strong sensitivity and effective development of potential fingerprints on challenging materials that conventional methods struggle to process,thus playing a crucial role in critical and complex cases.According to the specifications for producing handprinted samples,latent fingerprints were stamped on brass,red copper,304 stainless steel,and aluminum alloys.First,this study examined how the combination of two sprayed metals,arranged according to their relative atomic masses,affected the appearance of handprints.Based on this premise,the effects of the quantity and sequence of the sprayed metal on the a

关 键 词：真空镀膜技术 汗潜手印 手印显现 金属客体 

分 类 号：DF794[政治法律—诉讼法学] D918[政治法律—法学]