铅锌冶炼场地重金属污染对微生物群落的影响  

Effects of Heavy Metal Pollution on Microbial Community in Lead-Zinc Smelting Site

作　　者：王龙燕 蒋娟 吴斌 龙云川[1] WANG Longyan;JIANG Juan;WU Bin;LONG Yunchuan(Guizhou Institute of Biology,Guizhou Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550009,China;School of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;College of Ecology and Environment,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州科学院贵州省生物研究所,贵州贵阳550009 [2]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁沈阳110866 [3]成都理工大学生态环境学院,四川成都610059

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2025年第4期179-189,共11页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2023]一般255);四川省区域创新合作项目(2024YFHZ0195);贵州省生物研究所人才团队项目(QSS2024001)。

摘　　要：为探究铅锌冶炼场地重金属污染对微生物群落特征的影响,该文以黔西北某铅锌冶炼场地矿渣及附近土壤为研究对象,对其重金属污染程度和来源进行评估,结合宏基因组学技术,剖析微生物群落对重金属的响应。结果表明,研究区重金属污染严重,矿渣污染程度远大于周边土壤,矿渣中Cd、Pb和Zn分别超出贵州省土壤背景值1449.38、830.83和237.47倍,土壤Cd也超出背景值18.23倍。APCS-MLR模型表明,重金属污染来源受工业源和自然源影响的贡献率分别为55.50%和10.71%。研究区优势菌门为放线菌门、假单胞菌门、绿弯菌门和酸杆菌门,总相对丰度占79.90%~84.70%。矿渣和土壤中优势属鞘氨醇单胞菌属分别占8.77%和8.94%,类诺卡氏菌属分别占3.44%和5.29%。PCoA表明,微生物群落在矿渣和土壤2种环境介质间存在明显结构差异,LEfSe分析揭示了硝化螺旋菌、硫氧化菌属为矿渣中生物标志物,纤线杆菌属、Trebonia和慢生根瘤菌属是土壤中生物标志物。共现网络揭示类芽孢杆菌属、红球形菌属、北里孢菌属、Ktedonospora和慢生根瘤菌属是与重金属联系紧密的潜在关键菌属,稀有微生物在重金属与微生物相互作用网络中发挥重要作用。冗余分析表明,硫氧化菌和硝化螺旋菌与重金属呈显著正相关性,微生物群落结构在铅锌冶炼场地中会受Pb等重金属及全钾等营养物质多重影响。研究表明,重金属污染主要受工业源和自然源共同影响,重金属污染会改变土壤微生物群落结构,为土壤微生物修复重金属土壤污染提供参考依据。In order to explore the effect of heavy metal pollution on the characteristics of microbial communities in lead-zinc smelting sites,slag and nearby soil of a lead-zinc smelting site in northwest Guizhou Province were taken as the research objects to evaluate the degree and source of heavy metal pollution,and the response of microbial communities to heavy metals was analyzed by metagenomics technology as well.The results showed that the heavy metal pollution in the study area was serious,and the degree of slag pollution was much greater than that of the surrounding soil.Cd,Pb and Zn in the slag exceeded the soil background value of Guizhou Province by 1449.38 times,830.83 times and 237.47 times,respectively,and the soil Cd also exceeded the background value by 18.23 times.The APCS-MLR model showed that the contribution rates of heavy metal pollution sources to industrial and natural sources were 55.50%and 10.71%,respectively.The dominant phyla were Actinomycetota,Pseudomonadota,Chloroflexota and Acidobacteriota,accounting for 79.90%~84.70%of the total relative abundance.The dominant genera,Sphingomonas,and Nocardioides,were 8.77%and 8.94%,respectively,and Nocardioides were 3.44%and 5.29%,respectively.PCoA showed that there were obvious structural differences in microbial communities between slag and soil,and LEfSe analysis revealed that Nitrospira and Sulfurifustis were the biomarkers in the slag,while Ktedonobacter,Trebonia and Bradyrhizobium were the biomarkers in the soil.The co-occurrence network revealed that Paenibacillus,Rhodopila,Kitasatospora,Ktedonospora,and Bradyrhizobium were potential key bacterial genera closely related to heavy metals,and rare microorganisms played an important role in the interaction network between heavy metals and microorganisms.Redundancy analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between sulfur oxidizing bacteria and nitrspiridium and heavy metals,and the microbial community structure was affected by heavy metals such as Pb and nutrients such as total pot

关 键 词：冶炼场地 重金属 APCS-MLR模型 微生物群落 宏基因组学 共现网络 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X53