金属矿山生态修复过程中微生物群落变化特征  

Characteristics of Microbial Community Changes During the Ecological Restoration of Metal Mining Wasteland

作　　者：刘伟 黎俊朗 邹奇 杨富淋 尉黎 高佳 LIU Wei;LI Junlang;ZOU Qi;YANG Fulin;WEI Li;GAO Jia(China Energy Engineering Group Guangdong Electric Power Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510663,China;Guangdong Kono Survey Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510663,China;Guangdong Offshore Wind Smart Construction Site and Research Center of Engineering Technology for Ecological and Environmental Protection,Guangzhou 510663,China;Institute of Ecological Science,School of Life Science,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510635,China;China Electric Power Engineering Eco-environmental Engineering Technology Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]中国能源建设集团广东省电力设计研究院有限公司,广东广州510663 [2]广东科诺勘测工程有限公司,广东广州510663 [3]广东省海上风电智慧工地及生态环境保护工程技术研究中心,广东广州510663 [4]华南师范大学生命科学学院生态科学研究所,广东广州510635 [5]中电生态环境工程技术研究院,北京100013

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2025年第4期190-198,共9页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：中电工程重大科技专项(DG3-P01-2022);中国能建重大科技专项(CEEC2022-KJZX-02);中国能建重大科技专项(CEEC2021-KJZX-01);国家自然科学基金项目(42007297);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2019A1515110345,2021A1515011497)。

摘　　要：金属矿业废弃地具有极端酸性和贫瘠、重金属含量高、保水性和物理结构差等特点,已成为中国重大环境污染问题。微生物在金属矿业废弃地生态修复过程中发挥着关键作用,明确微生物群落动态变化特征对实现生态修复过程中的精准调控具有重要意义。该研究以广东某硫铁矿矿渣堆场为研究对象,分析了生态修复过程中土壤理化性质、微生物群落结构变化及其互馈特征。研究结果表明:生态修复控制了土壤酸化和重金属溶出,改善了土壤营养状况,减少了重金属总量(P<0.05);生态修复增加了土壤微生物α多样性,促进微生物群落演替,根瘤杆菌、假单胞菌、鞘鞍醇单胞菌、根瘤菌、慢生根瘤菌等具有植物促生和病害抑制、重金属固定和营养元素转化等功能的菌属相对丰度增加(P<0.05),调控微生物群落演替的环境因子包括pH、NAG-pH、NAG、TP、AP、Fe、Zn和Cu总量及水溶态含量等;随着修复进行,微生物共生网络复杂性和稳定性提高,抵御外界胁迫和环境压力的能力增强。研究结果可为科学评估金属矿业废弃地微生物群落演替和土壤功能恢复提供新见解。Metal mining wastelands are generally extreme acidity,nutrient deficiency,high heavy metal content,poor water retention and physical structure,making them a significant environmental pollution issue in China.Microorganisms play a key role in the ecological restoration of metal mining wasteland.Understanding the dynamic changes of microbial communities during the ecological restoration is crucial for achieving precise management.In this study,a typical pyrite ore residue site in Guangdong Province was taken as the research object,and the changes of soil physicochemical properties,microbial community structure and their mutual feedback characteristics during ecological restoration were analyzed.The results indicated that ecological restoration significantly mitigated soil acidification and heavy metal leaching,improved soil nutrient status and reduced total heavy metal content(P<0.05).Furthermore,ecological restoration increased soil microbialα-diversity,and microbial communities presented obvious succession trajectorys during the process.The relative abundance of genera such as Rhizobacter,Pseudomonas,Sphingomonas,and Bradyrhizobium significantly increased(P<0.05),these genera are associated with plant growth promotion,disease suppression,heavy metal stabilization,and nutrient transformation.The environmental factors driving microbial community succession were mainly pH,NAG-pH,NAG,total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP),and the total and soluble contents of Fe,Zn,and Cu.With the restoration progressed,microbial interactions were strengthened,resulting in increased complexity and stability of the cooccurrence networks,these processes enhanced the microbial ability to resist external stress and environmental pressures.The findings provide new insights for the scientific assessment of microbial community succession and the restoration of soil functions in abandoned metal mining sites.

关 键 词：金属矿业废弃地 生态修复 微生物群落 相互作用 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X53