跨越“恐惑谷”:基于技术拟人化悖论的人机关系审思  

Overcoming the"Uncanny Valley":Reflections on the Human-Machine Relationship Based on the Paradox of Technological Anthropomorphism

作　　者：叶立 林爱珺[3] Ye Li;Lin Aijun

机构地区：[1]福建省社会科学研究基地福建数字传媒经济研究中心,福建建福州350108 [2]闽江学院新闻传播学院,福建福州350108 [3]暨南大学新闻与传播学院,广东广州510632

出　　处：《传媒观察》2025年第4期16-27,共12页Media Observer

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“人工智能时代的新闻伦理与法规”(18ZDA308)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：技术拟人化作为一种狭义且显性的人性化趋势,无论是从技术发展规律还是从人类需求来看均具有必然性,而“恐惑谷”效应为非人客体的拟人化进程设置了路障,成为技术拟人化发展的悖论。如何理解并适应技术拟人化正成为人机共生时代备受关注的议题。文章借鉴媒介环境学、进化心理学、后现象学等领域对技术拟人化的理解,分析技术拟人化趋势中存在的“恐惑谷”悖论,从中寻求理解人机关系的思路与适应技术拟人化的出路。人机关系在技术拟人化维度存在波动的可能,需把握技术拟人化适应人类需求的优势,规避拟人化经验匮乏导致的恐惑感,通过减缓而非限制技术拟人化、回归具身经验的直接性、营造社交环境的可供性实现跨越“恐惑谷”的可能。As a distinct and explicit trend in humanization,technological anthropomorphism is an inevitable phenomenon driven by both the laws of technological development and fundamental human needs.However,the"Uncanny Valley"effect poses a significant challenge to the anthropomorphization of non-human entities,creating a paradox in the advancement of technological anthropomorphism.Understanding and adapting to this phenomenon has become a critical issue in the era of human-machine symbiosis.Drawing on perspectives from media ecology,evolutionary psychology,and postphenomenology,this study examines the paradox of the"Uncanny Valley"within the broader trend of technological anthropomorphism.It explores conceptual frameworks for understanding the human-machine relationship and proposes strategies for adapting to technological anthropomorphism.To navigate this challenge,it is essential to leverage the advantages of technological anthropomorphism to fulfill human needs while mitigating the anxiety stemming from unfamiliar anthropomorphic experiences.This study suggests that overcoming the"Uncanny Valley"may not be achieved by restricting the immediacy of technological anthropomorphism but rather by gradually moderating its progression,returning to the immediacy of embodied experience,and enhancing the affordances of the social environment.

关 键 词：技术拟人化 机器人 “恐惑谷”效应 人机关系 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]