从学校到职场:场域视角下女大学生地位落差的机制分析  

From School to Workplace:Analysis of the Mechanism of Female College Students'Status Drop from Perspective of Field

作　　者：王伟宜[1] 谭敏[2] WANG Wei-yi;TAN Min(Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,China;Fujian Academy of Social Sciences,Fuzhou 350025,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学,福建福州350007 [2]福建社会科学院,福建福州350025

出　　处：《黑龙江高教研究》2025年第5期148-154,共7页Heilongjiang Researches on Higher Education

基　　金：国家社科基金“新时代我国高等教育公平发展的主要经验及持续优化策略研究”(编号:BIA230197)。

摘　　要：高等教育空间赋予当代中国女性更为平等的竞争环境、主体形象乃至自我意识,但女大学生的教育成功经历和体验在拓展到职业领域时仍面临重重障碍。从场域视角对女大学生教育与就业境遇进行比照后发现,教育场域和职业场域分别有其自主性和规定性。受到制度规则、筛选方式、角色定位、社会支持和再生产结构等多重机制影响,女大学生在学校中取得的成功经验并不总能顺利转化为职场优势。基于场域间资本具有转化性,通过全面实施性别平等的职业保障政策、培育性别平等的职场文化与社会意识、强化女大学生的职业性社会支持、提升教育场域与职业场域的整合度等,有助于将教育场域中的性别平等经验借鉴至职业场域,提升两性社会层面的平等程度。Higher education space has given contemporary Chinese women a more equal competitive environment,subject image and even self-awareness,but female college students still face many obstacles when their successful educational experience and expe-rience are extended to the professional field.After comparing the education and employment situations of female college students from the perspective of the field,it is found that the education field and the professional field have their own autonomy and regulations respectively.Affected by multiple mechanisms such as institutional rules,screening methods,role positioning,social support and repro duction structure,the successful experience gained by female college students in school cannot always be smoothly transformed into workplace advantages.Based on the convertibility of inter-field capital,by fully implementing gender-equal career security policies,cultivating gender-equal workplace culture and social awareness,strengthening the professional social support of female college students,and improving the integration of the education field and the professional field,it is helpful to learn from the gender equality experience in the education field to the professional field and improve the equality of both sexes at the social level.

关 键 词：女大学生 性别差异 教育场域 职业场域 地位落差 

分 类 号：G645.5[文化科学—高等教育学]