“人皆成圣”:论程颐的最高政治理想  

“Everyone will be a Saint”:On the Highest Political Ideal of Cheng Yi

作　　者：姚季冬 Yao Jidong(School of Marxism,Shaoyang University,Shaoyang Hunan 422000,China)

机构地区：[1]邵阳学院马克思主义学院,湖南邵阳422000

出　　处：《衡阳师范学院学报》2025年第2期66-73,共8页Journal of Hengyang Normal University

基　　金：教育部社会科学基金青年项目“作为政治正当性理论的北宋正统理论研究”(23YJC720019)。

摘　　要：程颐认为,“人皆成圣”是圣人之教中的最高政治理想,它既是儒佛之辨的关键,也是三代与后世之别的关键。基于“体用一源”的理论架构,程颐强调“人皆成圣”既是符合天理的,又是发自圣人之心的,是体现在无穷已的治理过程中的规范原则。为了落实“人皆成圣”的规范性,程颐以“分”释“位”,让“德”“位”相对分离,从而在一定程度上否认了“德位相称”原则的绝对性,从而在“各止其所”的意义上,将作为最高政治理想的“人皆成圣”融入尊卑有序的等级秩序中。Cheng Yi believed that“everyone will be a saint”was the highest political ideal from the mild of the saints and embodied in the teaching of the saints.It is the key to the difference between Confucianism and Buddhism,and also the key between the three-gen⁃erations and later generations.Based on the theoretical framework of“the same source of fundamental structure and practical use”,Cheng Yi believed that“everyone will be a saint”was in accordance with the principle of heaven(天理),from the mild of the saints,re⁃flected in the endless normative principles in the process of governance.In order to implement the normative principle of“everyone will be a saint”,Cheng Yi interpreted“position”through“separation”,making“virtue”and“position”relatively separate,thus to some extent denying the absolute principle of“matching virtue and position”.In the sense of“everyone in his own place”,he integrat⁃ed the highest political ideal of“everyone will be a saint”into the hierarchical order of hierarchy.

关 键 词：人皆成圣 程颐 圣人不能 德位相称 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]