道德与人事:论《淮南子·要略》对诸子之学缘起的认识  

Morality and Human Affairs:On the Understanding of the Origins of the Hundred Schools of Thought in the“Yao Lue”Chapter of the Huainanzi

作　　者：张怡哲 ZHANG Yizhe

机构地区：[1]贵州大学马克思主义学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《淮南师范学院学报》2025年第2期15-22,共8页Journal of Huainan Normal University

基　　金：贵州大学引进人才科研基金“《淮南子》的‘法’‘势’思想及当代价值研究”(600272233301);贵州大学人文社会科学研究一般项目“《淮南子》‘九州八极’的宇宙论思想研究”(703098233301)。

摘　　要：《淮南子·要略》提出诸子之学起源于时势之需。既往的学术研究认为这是一种偏重于社会—历史的解析范式,欠缺内在的学理深度。结合《淮南子》的思想宗旨与《要略》的文本语境,将“时势”纳入“道生万物”的序列中加以深入阐发,可以得出以下结论:一方面,诸子之学都是衰世的产物。衰世来自于对“道德”的背离,由此必然带来学术的衰落与各种智巧伪饰之学的萌生;另一方面,学术最终要落实于“人事”,探究重返至德之世的实践途径,包括制度立法与道德修养。这正是秦汉学术“百家殊途,皆务于治”的根本定位,由此彰显了《淮南子》“道德”为“人事”立法的宗旨。In the chapter“Yao Lue”of the Huainanzi,it is posited that the emergence of the various schools of thought originated from the demands of the prevailing social conditions and circumstances.Previous academic research has argued that this is a paradigm that emphasizes social-historical interpretation,lacking in intrinsic theoretical depth.By integrating the ideological purpose of the Huainanzi and the textual context of the Yao Lue,and by incorporating the concept of“times and trends”into the sequence of“the Dao giving birth to all things”for in-depth elaboration,the following conclusions can be drawn:On the one hand,the Hundred Schools of Thought are products of a declining age.This decline stems from a deviation from“morality,”which inevitably leads to the decline of scholarship and the emergence of various cunning and artificial schools of thought.On the other hand,scholarship must ultimately be applied to“human affairs,”exploring practical ways to return to an age of supreme virtue,including institutional legislation and moral cultivation.This is precisely the fundamental orientation of Qin and Han scholarship,which holds that“the hundred schools take different paths,but all aim at governance.”This highlights the purpose of the Huainanzi to legislate for“human affairs”based on“morality.”

关 键 词：《要略》 先秦诸子 道德 人事 时势 

分 类 号：B234.4[哲学宗教—中国哲学]