母亲照护缺失对婴幼儿大脑结构及功能的破坏性影响  

Detrimental effects of maternal care deprivation on brain structure and cognitive development in infants and young children

作　　者：李葆明 李宇欣 曲世玮 LI Baoming;LI Yuxin;QU Shiwei(Institute of Brain Science,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121,China;Laboratory for the Development and Care of Infants and Young Children,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学脑科学研究所,浙江杭州311121 [2]杭州师范大学婴幼儿发展与托育实验室,浙江杭州311121

出　　处：《健康研究》2025年第2期129-133,共5页Health Research

基　　金：科技创新2030-“脑科学与类脑研究”重大项目(2021ZD0201705)。

摘　　要：婴幼儿成长过程中,母亲照护对他们的大脑发育和认知情感发展至关重要。文章从神经元与脑结构、突触可塑性与学习记忆、神经免疫与肠道微生物、认知功能与情感障碍等多个视角综述母亲照护缺失对婴幼儿脑结构和功能的破坏性影响,并基于这些研究成果为婴幼儿早期照护提供科学建议,强调高质量的母亲照护与成长环境的重要性,以促进婴幼儿的脑健康发育。Maternal care is crucial for the maturation of brain structures and the development of cognitive and affective functions in infants and young children as they grow.This review systematically examines the detrimental effects of maternal care deprivation on brain structure and function from multiple perspectives,including neuron and brain structures,synaptic plasticity,learning and memory,neuroimmune interactions,gut microbiota,cognitive function and emotional regulation.Research evidence demonstrates that maternal care deprivation leads to damage in neuronal structure,impairment in synaptic plasticity,deficit in learning and memory,dysregulation of neuroimmune system,imbalance of gut microbiota and dysfunction of cognitive and emotional functions.Based on these findings,this review provides scientific recommendations for early-life care,emphasizing the critical importance of high-quality maternal care and nurturing environments to promote optimal brain development in infants and young children.

关 键 词：母亲照护 突触可塑性 神经免疫 肠道微生物 认知发展 

分 类 号：R741.02[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学] R339.31[医药卫生—临床医学]