艺术、童年与希腊人——重释马克思在《〈政治经济学批判〉导言》中论艺术的片段  

Art,Childhood,and the Ancient Greeks:A Reinterpretation of Marx on Art in"Preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy"

作　　者：杨文默 YANG Wenmo(Pan Tianshou College of Architecture,Art,and Design,Ningbo University,Ningbo,Zhejiang 315211)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学潘天寿建筑与艺术设计学院,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《文化艺术研究》2025年第2期25-34,112,共11页Studies in Culture and Art

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题“现代都市生活的居住哲学研究”(项目编号:25NDJC036YBMS)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在《〈政治经济学批判〉导言》末尾,马克思所留下的未完成片段探讨了艺术生产同物质生产一般之间的不平衡现象。对于这个部分,传统的解释大多采取了社会进化论的视角,认为马克思关于艺术的看法同他的基本学说之间存在抵牾,卢卡奇的美学研究对此可以构成有效的反驳,多兹的思想史研究也为重申理性主义的原则提供了新参照。借助卡奇亚里和波德莱尔等人围绕玩具、童年和艺术的一系列探讨,或许可以重新理解手稿中的这个片段:创造总是包含了一种对天真状态的回返,这种回返可能有多种方式,“有粗野的儿童和早熟的儿童”,正如艺术和艺术家中,有原始粗犷的,也有颓废、矫揉造作的;而希腊人的“正常”之处就在于,他们找到了某种适度的方式。At the end of"Preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy",Marx left a fragment discussing the imbalance between artistic production and material production.Traditional interpretations of this passage often adopt a social evolutionist perspective,arguing that Marx's view of art contradicts his fundamental theory.Lukács'aesthetic studies provide an effective counterargument to this claim,while E.R.Dodds'intellectual history research offers new references for reaffirming rationalist principles.Drawing on discussions by Massimo Cacciari and Baudelaire on toys,childhood,and art,we may reinterpret this fragment:creation always entails a return to a state of innocence,which can take various forms—just as there are wild and precocious children,there are also primitive,rugged artists and decadent,affected ones.The ancient Greeks'"normality"lay in their ability to find a balanced approach.

关 键 词：马克思 艺术 希腊 儿童 理性 

分 类 号：J0-02[艺术—艺术理论]