人工湿地不同基质层微生物群落代谢特性研究  

Metabolic Characteristics of Microbial Communities in Different Substrate Layers of Artificial Wetlands

作　　者：谢军[1] 余正旺 郑子龙 左佳伟 张立楠 朱易春[1] 刘祖文 XIE Jun;YU Zhengwang;ZHENG Zilong;ZUO Jiawei;ZHANG Linan;ZHU Yichun;LIU Zuwen(Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Ecological Conservation at Headwater Regions,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000,China;National and Provincial Joint Engineering Laboratory for the Hydraulic Engineering Safety and Efficient Utilization of Aater Resources of Poyang Lake Basin,Nanchang Institute of Technology,Nanchang Jiangxi 330099,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学,河流源头水生态保护江西省重点实验室,江西赣州341000 [2]南昌工程学院,鄱阳湖流域水工程安全与资源高效利用国家地方联合工程实验室,江西南昌330099

出　　处：《江西化工》2025年第2期76-80,86,共6页Jiangxi Chemical Industry

基　　金：江西省自然科学基金重点项目(20232ACB204013);江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ210821);大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202210407025)。

摘　　要：本文探究人工湿地不同基质层微生物群落的代谢特征。通过构建石灰石、陶粒、砂砾三种不同基质层的垂直潜流人工湿地试验环境,利用高通量测序技术对微生物群落进行分析,揭示不同基质层微生物群落的分布特征及差异性。结果表明:人工湿地系统对总磷(TP)和氨氮(NH4+-N)具有高效的去除性能,平均去除率分别达到97.5%和89.4%。高通量测序分析发现,石灰石基质层中微生物群落的丰富度和多样性最高,其中放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为优势菌门,微球菌属(Micrococcaceae)为优势菌属。功能预测结果表明,尿素分解(ureolysis)、化能异养(chemoheterotrophy)和好氧化能异养(aerobic-chemoheterotrophy)代谢功能型在污染物去除中发挥主要作用,石灰石基质在化能异养方面表现出优势。不同基质层中的微生物群落分布存在显著差异,马赛菌属(Massilia)在砂砾基质中的相对丰度最高,而鞘氨单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)在陶粒基质中的相对丰度最高,这揭示了人工湿地不同基质层微生物群落结构的差异性及其在污染物去除中的关键作用。研究结果阐明了人工湿地不同基质层微生物群落的代谢特征,为人工湿地的基质选择提供了技术支撑。This study investigates the metabolic characteristics of microbial communities in different substrate layers of constructed wetlands.Vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands with three different substrate layers—limestone,ceramsite,and gravel—were established.High-throughput sequencing technology was employed to analyze the microbial communities,revealing the distribution characteristics and differences among the microbial communities in these different substrate layers.The results show that the constructed wetland system exhibits high removal efficiency for total phosphorus(TP)and ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N),with average removal rates reaching 97.5%and 89.4%,respectively.High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that the microbial community in the limestone substrate layer had the highest richness and diversity.The dominantphyla were Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria,with Micrococcaceae being the dominant family.Functional prediction results indicated that metabolic functions such as ureolysis,chemoheterotrophy,and aerobic_chemoheterotrophy play a major role in pollutant removal,and the limestone substrate showed an advantage in chemoheterotrophy.Significant differences were observed in the distribution of microbial communities among the different substrate layers.The relative abundance of Massilia was the highest in the gravel substrate,while Sphingomonas had the highest relative abundance in the ceramsite substrate.These findings highlight the differences in microbial community structure across different substrate layers and their key roles in pollutant removal.The study clarifies the metabolic characteristics of microbial communities in different substrate layers of constructed wetlands and provides technical support for substrate selection in constructed wetland systems.

关 键 词：人工湿地 基质 高通量测序 微生物群落 代谢特性 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X37