不同栽培管理模式对带状套作玉米产量与效率的影响  

Effects of Different Planting Patterns on the Yield and Efficiency of Maize in Strip Intercropping System

作　　者：任永福 李嘉怡 陈国鹏[2] 蒲甜 陈虹 王小春[2] Ren Yongfu;Li Jiayi;Chen Guopeng;Pu Tian;Chen Hong;Wang Xiaochun(Agricultural Technology Promotion Center in Liangzhou District,Wuwei 733000,Gansu,China;College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省武威市凉州区农业技术推广中心,甘肃武威733000 [2]四川农业大学农学院,四川成都611130

出　　处：《作物杂志》2025年第2期101-108,共8页Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300109);四川省科技计划项目(2021YFYZ0005)。

摘　　要：通过分析不同栽培模式对套作玉米产量及其构成、物质积累分配、光合势、氮肥利用率、光能利用率、热量利用率的影响,探讨不同栽培模式下套作玉米产量水平和效率的差异。在3个试点采用大田试验,选用成单30为试验材料,设置基础栽培(CK)、农户栽培(FC)、高产高效(HC)、超高产(SC)4种玉米―大豆套作栽培模式。结果表明,不同栽培模式下玉米产量差异显著,SC、HC较FC分别显著增产22.49%和18.18%,其中平昌试点增产幅度最大,达34.72%。分析产量构成因素发现,与FC相比,HC有效穗数和千粒重分别显著提高4.44%和4.49%;与HC相比,SC有效穗数极显著提高18.33%,穗粒数显著降低10.40%。干物质积累量和光合势均表现为SC>HC>FC>CK。SC茎秆和叶片干物转运贡献率均显著大于其他模式。与FC相比,HC氮肥偏生产力显著提高8.30%,氮素利用效率提高11.37%;资源利用率方面,SC模式光能利用率及热量利用率较FC分别显著增效11.48%和18.78%。综上所述,3个试点中平昌增产潜力最大,在农户栽培模式的基础上合理增加玉米种植密度,优化施氮量统筹栽培管理,可进一步挖掘西南地区套作玉米产量潜力,达到增产增效的目的。This study systematically investigated the impact of various planting patterns on the yield and its components,material accumulation and distribution,photosynthetic potential,nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency,light energy utilization efficiency,and heat utilization efficiency of intercropping maize.The objective was to probe into the differences on yield and efficiency under different planting patterns.Field experiments were conducted at three sites by using Chengdan 30 as the experimental material,with four maize-soybean intercropping planting patterns established:basic production(CK),farmers practice(FC),high-yielding and high-efficiency cultivation(HC),super high-yielding cultivation(SC).The results revealed significant differences on the yield of maize under different cultivation patterns.SC and HC demonstrated a notable increase in yield by 22.49%and 18.18%,respectively,compared to FC,the increase in production was the largest in Pingchang site(34.72%).An analysis of yield composition factors indicated that,in comparison with FC,the effective ears of HC increased significantly by 4.44%,and the 1000-grain weight increased by 4.49%.Moreover,compared with HC,SC exhibited 18.33%increase in effective ears but 10.40%reduction in grains per spike.Dry matter accumulation and photosynthetic potential followed the order:SC>HC>FC>CK.Stem and leaf dry matter transport contributed more significantly in SC than in other cultivation models.Compared with FC,partial factor productivity of nitrogen of HC significantly increased in productivity by 8.30%and an 11.37%rise in nitrogen utilization efficiency.Regarding resource utilization efficiency,SC exhibited a significant increase in light and heat utilization efficiency by 11.48%and 18.78%,respectively,compared to FC.Among the three experimental points,Pingchang had a greater potential for yield increase.Based on the FC reasonable increase maize planting density,optimization of nitrogen application and overall cultivation management can further tap into the yield pot

关 键 词：玉米–大豆带状套作 栽培模式 产量 效率 差异 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]