否定的他者:鲍德里亚的主体重构之路  

The Negative Other:Baudrillard’s Path to Reconstructing Subjectivity

作　　者：李阳 LI Yang(Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系,北京100871

出　　处：《燕山大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第3期72-81,共10页Journal of Yanshan University:Philosophy and Social Science

摘　　要：鲍德里亚作为后现代重要的思想家,在其复杂的理论体系中,贯穿始终的核心概念之一是“主—客体”关系。在早期思想中,鲍德里亚对主客体关系的讨论多限于政治经济学的场域。而在《象征交换与死亡》之后的作品中,鲍德里亚逐渐将“主—客体”的议题从政治经济学的范畴转向了更为形而上的哲学探讨。而其20世纪90年代以来的作品则更充满了碎片化和玄想特质。在过渡期和后期的作品中,鲍德里亚对“主—客体”关系的分析更为侧重于伦理学意义上“主体—他者”的意涵。尽管鲍德里亚在论述这一二元对立关系时采取了一种碎片化与解构性的方式,但其本质上的策略是积极的。在后期的理论框架中,鲍德里亚分别尝试了以主体和客体为中心的重构,试图通过主体的沉默表达新的意义。然而,这种尝试在限制了旧意义的同时也重塑了新的意义。因此,在主体的策略遭遇瓶颈后,鲍德里亚转向了“绝对他者”的策略,他将客体视为自我的镜像,并通过眼睛的叙述、差异化的表达把“他者”剥离于概念外,使其彻底异质于主体。鲍德里亚对“他者”的绝对化表明,他拒绝了主体或客体的可能逻辑,而是通过构建一个否定式的、异质的他者,展现出一种新的自我与他者的动态关系路径。As a prominent postmodern thinker,Baudrillard established the “subject-object” relationship as one of the core concepts underpinning his complex theoretical system.In his early works,Baudrillard's discussion of the subject-object relationship was largely confined to the domain of political economy.However,following the publication of Symbolic Exchange and Death,he gradually shifted his focus toward a more metaphysical and philosophical exploration of the subject-object dynamic.Since the 1990s,his works have increasingly exhibited qualities of fragmentation and speculation.In his transitional and later writings,Baudrillard's analysis of the subject-object relationship places greater emphasis on the ethical dimensions of the “self-other” dynamic.While he adopts a fragmented and deconstructive approach to addressing this binary opposition,his underlying strategy is fundamentally constructive.In his later theoretical framework,Baudrillard explores reconstructions centered on both the subject and the object,attempting to express new meanings through the silence of the subject.These efforts both constrain old meanings and simultaneously reshape new ones.Eventually,when the subject-centered strategy reaches its limits,Baudrillard turns to the strategy of the “absolute other”.He redefines the object as a mirror of the self,and through narratives focused on the eye and differentiated expressions,he strips the “other” of its conceptual boundaries,rendering it wholly heterogeneous to the subject.Baudrillard's absolutization of the “other” signifies his rejection of conventional logics grounded in either the subject or the object.Instead,by constructing a negating and heterogeneous other,he opens up a novel framework for understanding the dynamic relationship between the self and the other.

关 键 词：鲍德里亚 主体 他者 否定 差异性 

分 类 号：B505[哲学宗教—外国哲学]