自然与中和之情的碰撞——《诗品》评陆机“尚规矩,不贵绮错,有伤直致之奇”探析  

The Collison Between Natural and Balanced Harmonious Emotion:Shipin’s Seemingly Self-Contradictory Criticism on Lu Ji

作　　者：刘睿[1] LIU Rui(Faculty of Liberal Arts,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学文学院,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第3期39-47,共9页Journal of Northwest University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“六朝山水审美的历史性问题研究”(24CZW027)。

摘　　要：锺嵘《诗品》评价陆机诗“尚规矩,不贵绮错,有伤直致之奇”一句历来受到学界争议。在六朝语境中,“绮错”及其类似的文论话语为褒义词。它与陆机《文赋》“或藻思绮合,清丽千眠”一段存在互文性,呈现出“尚规矩”与“不贵绮错”的轻重殊别关系。陆机崇尚自然物感、后天才学之间的中和之情。立足于五言诗抒情言志、自然英旨的立场,锺嵘更多肯定陆诗切近其五言诗审美理想的一面,而稍贬抑陆诗注重规矩、学问的另一面。锺嵘强调陆诗规矩之绮错,不同于唐代元兢所言物色之绮错。唐初的诗风转变也反映出深绮与浅绮之间的话语张力。回溯话语来源与接受语境,《诗品》对陆机诗歌的评价获得了合理性。The comment,“upholding norms,not valuing fine patterns,thereby impairing the uniqueness of direct expression”in Zhong Rong’s Shipin has triggered an argument.In the context of the Six Dynasties,terms like“finely patterned”are commendatory.The text originates from a paragraph in Lu Ji’s A Fu-poem on Writing:“It may be that your intricately crafted thoughts cohere,finely patterned.A lucid loveliness,gloriously bright.”This suggests that“upholding norms”and“not valuing fine patterns”represent a distinction in priority.Lu Ji advocates a balanced harmonious emotion among the perception of objects,incidents,and classics.However,from the standpoint of the lyricism and natural aesthetic of five-character poetry,Zhong Rong mostly appreciates the aspect of Lu Ji’s poetry that is close to his five-character poetry aesthetic while slightly depreciating the other element of Lu’s poetry that focuses on rules and knowledge.Zhong Rong refers to Lu Ji’s“norms-fine patterns”,which differs from“physical features-fine patterns”proposed by Yuan Jing in the Tang Dynasty.The poetic style transformation in the early Tang Dynasty witnesses the tension between depth and shallowness dimensions of“fine patterns”.Zhong Rong’s judgment of Lu Ji’s poetry gains its rationality from the source and receptive contexts.

关 键 词：绮错 陆机 中和 《诗品》 情物关系 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]