压载水病原微生物检测技术浅析和口岸监测工作思考  

Analysis of Ballast Water Pathogen Detection Technologies and Considerations for Port Monitoring Work

作　　者：韩辉 伍波 韩阳春 周奇 魏强[3] HAN Hui;WU Bo;HAN Yangchun;ZHOU Qi;WEI Qiang(Science and Technology Research Center of China Customs,Beijing 100026,China;Integrated Technical Service Center of Jiangyin Customs,Jiangyin Jiangsu 214442,China;Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海关科学技术研究中心,北京100026 [2]江阴海关综合技术服务中心,江苏江阴214442 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心,北京102206

出　　处：《口岸非传统安全学刊》2025年第2期66-71,共6页

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2602204)。

摘　　要：国际远洋船舶压载水是外来物种入侵的重要载体,压载水的排放是引起疾病跨境传播的重要途径。在口岸开展船舶压载水病原微生物检测,加强对压载水的管理,可有效控制压载水传播疾病的风险,筑牢国门生物安全屏障。本文归纳了当前水环境中病原微生物检测技术主要研究进展,包括微生物培养法、传统分子生物学技术、高通量测序技术以及人工智能等技术,以期为口岸开展压载水病原微生物检测工作提供借鉴,并就进一步完善口岸压载水监测工作提出了建议。International ocean-going vessel ballast water serves as a critical vector for the introduction of invasive species,and the discharge of ballast water constitutes a major pathway for disease cross-border transmission.Conducting pathogenic microorganism detection of ocean-going vessel ballast water at ports and strengthening its management can effectively control the risk of disease transmission through ballast water,thereby safeguarding national biosecurity barriers.This article summarizes the current major research progress in detection techniques for pathogenic microorganism in water environment,including microbial culture methods,traditional molecular biology techniques,high-throughput sequencing,and artificial intelligence,aiming to provide reference for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms in ballast water at ports and suggestions for improving port monitoring work were proposed.

关 键 词：水环境 远洋船舶 压载水 病原微生物 检测技术 国门生物安全 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]