覆膜垄作对土壤氮磷钾含量及马铃薯养分利用率的影响  

Effects of Mulched Ridge Tillage on Soil Nitrogen, Phosphorus, andPotassium Contents and Potato Nutrient Utilization Rates

作　　者：赵晓龙 ZHAO Xiaolong(Lixian Agricultural Technology Extension Centre,Lixian Gansu 742200,China)

机构地区：[1]礼县农业技术推广中心,甘肃礼县742200

出　　处：《寒旱农业科学》2025年第4期343-347,共5页Journal of Cold-Arid Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：通过研究覆膜垄作对土壤养分含量及马铃薯的影响,为土壤培肥和提高肥料利用率机制,改进和提升旱地集雨耕作技术,促进马铃薯优质高产提供依据。以传统中耕壅土耕作为对照,设置全膜双垄耕作(FRF)、春膜垄上微沟集雨耕作(SRF)、秋膜垄上微沟集雨耕作(ARF)处理对土壤有效成分、马铃薯产量及氮磷钾肥料利用率的影响。结果表明,与传统中耕壅土耕作相比,秋膜垄上微沟集雨耕作、春膜垄上微沟集雨耕作和全膜双垄耕作0~60 cm土层氮磷钾及其有效成分含量均显著提高。秋膜垄上微沟集雨耕作马铃薯3 a平均产量最高,为48210.9 kg/hm^(2),明显高于传统中耕壅土耕作。覆膜垄作显著提高了马铃薯的氮磷钾肥偏生产力,且均以秋膜垄作最高,与中耕壅土耕作相比较,氮肥、磷肥、钾肥偏生产力3 a平均增加率分别为48.1%、43.2%、27.7%;肥料农学效率在不同年型均以秋膜垄作处理最高,各覆膜垄作处理3 a平均农学效率均表现为磷肥>钾肥>氮肥。综合来看,秋膜垄上微沟集雨耕作改良土壤、提高肥料利用率和马铃薯产量的优势明显,是首选的旱地马铃薯高产高效种植技术之一。This study investigates the impact of mulched ridge cultivation on soil nutrient contents and potato production performance,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for soil fertility improvement,fertilizer use rates,and the development of rainwater harvesting cultivation techniques in drylands to support high-quality,high-yield potato production.With conventional ridging as control(CK),three treatments were established:full-film double ridge farming(FRF),spring film ridge with micro-furrow rainwater harvesting(SRF),and autumn film ridge with micro-furrow rainwater harvesting(ARF),to assess effects on soil available soil nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)contents,potato yield,and N,P and K fertilizer use rates.Results showed that compared with CK,all mulched treatments significantly increased available N,P and K contents in the 0 to 60 cm soil layer.ARF treatment achieved the highest 3-year average potato yield at 48210.9 kg/ha,significantly higher than CK.Mulched ridge cultivation significantly improved partial factor productivity(PFP)of N,P and K fertilizers,with ARF being the most effective.Compared to CK,the average 3-year increases in PFP for N,P,and K fertilizers were 48.1%,43.2%,and 27.7%,respectively.Agronomic efficiency(AE)was highest under ARF in all years,and the average AE over three years followed the order as P>K>N.In conclusion,ARF has a clear advantage in improving soil fertility,fertilizer utilization,and potato yield,making it one of the preferred high-yield,efficient potato cultivation techniques in dryland regions.

关 键 词：春秋覆膜 垄沟集雨 土壤养分 养分利用率 马铃薯 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]