高考选科与高校招生之关系研究  

Research on the Relationship Between the Gaokao Subject Selection and College Admission

作　　者：吴根洲 杨娴 WU Genzhou;YANG Xian(Jiangxi Science&Technology Normal University,Nanchang 330038,China)

机构地区：[1]江西科技师范大学,南昌330038

出　　处：《中国考试》2025年第5期19-26,共8页journal of China Examinations

基　　金：江西省高校人文社会科学研究2023年度项目“高考选科制背景下高校招生大类设置研究”(JY23105)。

摘　　要：高考与高等教育的关系在科目维度上体现为考试科目与高校招生专业之间的关系,即高考是否以及在多大程度上为高校设置科目要求预留招生自主权。基于“3+X”模式探索的经验与教训,高考综合改革赋予高校有限度的科目要求设置权,高考科目与高校招生之间的关系得以确立。普通高校本科招生专业选考科目要求指引相关文件的制定,逐步压缩高校科目要求设置权,规定选考物理、化学的专业类覆盖范围分别扩大至69.56%、60.87%,在整体上提高了高校招生科学性的同时,又对部分专业类招生产生了一定的不利影响。为保障更多高校更多专业招生的科学性,应回归高考综合改革初衷,从关联度、相对地位、选考模式三个方面进一步优化高考科目与高校招生的关系。The relationship between Gaokao and higher education manifests at the curricular dimension through the interaction between examination subjects and college admission,that is,whether and to what extent the Gaokao preserves institutional admission autonomy for universities and colleges to specify disciplinary requirements.Based on the experiences from exploring the"3+X"mode,the comprehensive reform of the Gaokao has institutionally granted universities with circumscribed authority to establish subject-specific admission criteria,thereby codifying the operational relationship between examination content and academic recruitment.Recent documentation outlining the requirements for elective subjects in undergraduate admissions at regular colleges and universities has gradually constrained institutions'autonomy in setting these subject requirements.As a result,mandated physics and chemistry requirements now encompasses 69.56%and 60.87%of disciplinary categories respectively.While this shift has strengthened the overall scientific rigor of the college admission,it has exerted certain negative impacts on the recruitment of some specialized fields.To ensure the scientific validity in admissions for diversified institutions and disciplines,it is necessary to revisit the foundational principles of the comprehensive reform of Gaokao,and further optimize the relationship between Gaokao subjects and college admission from the aspects of correlation,relative importance,and selection mode.

关 键 词：高考选科 高校招生 科目要求 科学性 高考综合改革 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]