乡土中国的教育重建——新中国成立初期乡村教师队伍建设与乡村教育变革  

Reconstructing Education in Rural China——The Development of Rural Teacher Teams and Educational Reform in the Early Years of the People’s Republic of China

作　　者：刘超[1] 朱琦沁 Liu Chao;Zhu Qiqin(College of Education,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学教育学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《社会科学论坛》2025年第3期148-164,共17页Tribune of Social Sciences

摘　　要：新中国成立之初,国家亟需发展农业以支持工业化和建设现代化国家,而乡村建设与乡村教育问题又直接关乎农业和农村的现代化进程。旧的乡村教育体系效率低下、组织程度不高,无法适应农村社会,亟待新的变革。国家为创建新的乡村教育体系,首先,调整原有的教师队伍结构,从多方面提高教师的准入门槛,建设合格稳定的教师队伍;其次,重新定位教师角色,提高其政治待遇和社会待遇,增强其主人翁意识;最后,优化体制机制,在工资制度和福利待遇等方面加强教师的物质保障,提升其工作积极性。通过一系列得力措施,乡村教师队伍逐步壮大,乡村教育体系长足发展,教育规模扩大、教育质量提升,乡村社会亦蓬勃发展,并为工业化提供了强有力的人才和技术支持。In the early years following the establishment of the People’s Republic of China,there was an urgent need to develop agriculture to support industrialization.The challenges associated with rural construction and education were directly linked to the modernization process within agricultural sectors and rural communities.The existing rural education system was characterized by inefficiency and low organizational capacity,rendering it ill-suited for contemporary rural society;thus,significant reforms were necessary.To establish a new rural education framework,it was imperative first to cultivate a qualified and stable teaching workforce.Consequently,the state restructured the original teacher team while raising entry standards across multiple dimensions.Furthermore,teachers’roles were redefined with enhanced political and social recognition aimed at fostering their sense of ownership over educational outcomes.Lastly,improvements were made to institutional mechanisms that bolstered material security for teachers through better salary structures and welfare benefits—thereby increasing their motivation for work.Through these comprehensive measures,not only did the rural teaching workforce gradually strengthen but also substantial advancements occurred within the rural education system itself;this included expanded educational access and improved quality of instruction.As a result,rural society thrived as well—providing robust support for industrialization through skilled talent and technological expertise.

关 键 词：乡村教师 政治待遇 体制机制建设 物质保障 

分 类 号：G529[文化科学—教育学]