被遗忘的先周文化:西周忧患意识渊源新探  

The Forgotten Pre-Zhou Culture:A New Exploration into the Origins of the Western Zhou’s Awareness of Crisis

作　　者：林国敬 Lin Guojing(Institute of Philosophy and Social Development,Wenzhou University,Wenzhou,China)

机构地区：[1]温州大学哲学与社会发展研究所,浙江温州325035

出　　处：《社会科学论坛》2025年第3期223-234,共12页Tribune of Social Sciences

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划之江青年专项课题《中国式现代化的儒道墨法哲学底蕴研究》阶段性成果,项目编号:24ZJQN111YB;国家社科基金后期资助项目《周公政治思想的发展演变研究》阶段性成果,项目编号:21FZXB029。

摘　　要：殷周之际,中国文化出现了一股强烈的忧患意识,在《尚书》《易经》《诗经》等早期经典之中均有体现。但以往对这股忧患意识渊源的探讨,大多秉承“殷商—西周”的单线文化演进视角,认为这种忧患意识主要是从夏、商王朝灭亡的反思中而来,遗忘了周族早期的文化传统,即先周文化。与他族不同,周族早期以农耕安身立命,其先王常与民共劳、共力、共苦、共乐,生成了周人最初的畏天、敬天心理,以及对民人安定、政权稳固的深切忧患。西周忧患意识便根植于此文化土壤之中。而对夏、商王朝覆灭的历史性反思则进一步深化了周人对忧患意识的思考,并融化于“以德配天”“敬德保民”“明德慎罚”等思想之中,最终生成了具有深厚人文主义色彩的西周忧患意识。During the transition from the Shang to the Zhou dynasties,Chinese culture experienced a strong sense of awareness of crisis,which is reflected in early classics such as the Book of Documents,Book of Changes,and Book of Songs.However,previous discussions of the origins of this awareness have mostly adhered to a“Shang-Western Zhou”linear cultural evolution perspective,believing that the awareness of crisis was primarily derived from reflections on the fall of the Xia and Shang dynasties,while overlooking the early cultural traditions of the Zhou people,which is the Pre-Zhou culture.Unlike other ethnic groups,the early Zhou people relied on agriculture for their livelihood,and their early kings often shared labor,effort,hardship,and joy with the people,leading to the initial formation of the Zhou people’s reverence and fear of heaven,as well as a deep concern for the stability of the people and the consolidation of political power.The awareness of crisis in the Western Zhou thus grew from this cultural soil.Reflections on the downfall of the Xia and Shang dynasties further deepened the Zhou people’s contemplation of crisis,integrating it into ideas such as“matching virtue with heaven”(以德配天),“respecting virtue to protect the people”(敬德保民),and“clarifying virtue and exercising caution in punishment”(明德慎罚),which eventually gave rise to the deeply humanistic awareness of crisis in the Western Zhou.

关 键 词：先周文化 西周 忧患意识 

分 类 号：B22[哲学宗教—中国哲学]