刑事庭审笔录的实践检视与功能激活  

Practical Review and Functional Activation of Criminal Trial Records

作　　者：孟婕 Meng Jie

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院

出　　处：《中外法学》2025年第2期402-420,共19页Peking University Law Journal

基　　金：2024年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“数字时代下刑事辩护的困境与应对”(项目编号:24YJC820029)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：我国刑事诉讼实践中隐含着“未被激活的庭审笔录”现象,庭审笔录在运行中隐藏着悖论并呈现出记录内容随意性、形成方式垄断性及反映庭审过程片面性等三大症状,暴露其功能的偏差、异化和缺失。制度定位的语焉不详、职权主义的支配逻辑及案卷笔录中心主义的引力作用,是制约庭审笔录功能发挥的主要成因。要激活庭审笔录的功能,就要将其聚焦于庭审的经典场域,让其成为庭审实质化的呈现及保障,将其置于以审判为中心的刑事诉讼体系格局,让其成为救济复审的信息来源,甚至将其置于以司法裁判为核心的司法体制视野,让其成为司法责任的评鉴依据。同时,从制度供给、技术优化、专业支持及保障机制等多维度探寻激活庭审笔录功能的具像化进路。庭审笔录功能的激活、意义的回归以及围绕于此的制度改造,有可能引发刑事诉讼体系的连锁反应,并成为撬动刑事诉讼制度变革的一个支点。In China's criminal procedure practice,there exists an implicit phenomenon of the“inactive trial record.”The operation of trial records reveals an inherent paradox and manifests three key issues:arbitrariness in recorded content,monopolization of the recording process,and partial reflection of the trial proceedings.These issues expose the deviation,distortion,and inadequacy of trial records in fulfilling their intended functions.The primary factors restricting the effective role of trial records include ambiguous institutional positioning,the dominance of an inquisitorial logic,and the gravitational pull of dossier-centered adjudication.To activate the function of trial records,they must be refocused on the courtroom as the classic arena of trial,ensuring that they substantively present and safeguard trial proceedings.Trial records should be integrated into a trial-centered criminal procedure system,serving as a crucial source of information for remedial review.Moreover,they should be positioned within the broader judicial framework,functioning as an evaluation tool for judicial accountability.A concrete path to activating trial records requires a multi-dimensional approach,encompassing institutional reform,technological optimization,professional support,and the establishment of effective safeguards.The activation of trial records,the restoration of their substantive significance,and the systemic reforms surrounding them have the potential to trigger a chain reaction within the criminal procedure system,ultimately serving as a leverage point for broader procedural reforms.

关 键 词：庭审笔录 法定化 功能激活 庭审实质化 制度效应 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]