晚年阿尔都塞“偶然相遇的唯物主义”论析  

An Analysis of Althusser's Late“Aleatory Materialism”

作　　者：刘繁荣 吴海江 Liu Fanrong;Wu Haijiang(School of Marxism,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学马克思主义学院,上海200433

出　　处：《学术探索》2025年第4期83-92,共10页Academic Exploration

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(20&ZD008);2024年广西高等教育本科教学改革工程重点项目(2024JGZ156)。

摘　　要：“偶然相遇的唯物主义”虽是阿尔都塞晚年提出来的,却是其多年深思熟虑的理论结晶。它是晚年阿尔都塞重塑马克思的理论形象和矫正“教条化”马克思主义的一种“冒险式”探索。阿尔都塞提出“偶然相遇的唯物主义”,试图通过重构马克思的唯物主义哲学,让马克思主义找到一条摆脱唯心主义“目的论哲学”路子,并划清马克思主义同机械的历史决定论之间的界限。然而,阿尔都塞把历史解读为无主体、无目的、纯偶然的随机相遇产物,并得出历史由形势主导的谬论,从而使他不可避免地走向了抛弃阶级斗争学说和否定共产主义的客观必然性的歧路。因此,“偶然相遇的唯物主义”实则是对历史唯物主义的背离,他不但不能化解危机,反而使其陷入了历史神秘主义的窠臼之中。The“Aleatory Materialism,”though proposed by Althusser in his later years,represents the theoretical crystallization of years of deep contemplation.It serves as a“radical”exploration aimed at reshaping Marx's theoretical image and correcting the“dogmatic”tendencies of Marxism.Althusser proposed the“Aleatory Materialism”in an attempt to reconstruct Marx's materialist philosophy,enabling Marxism to break free from the idealist“philosophy of teleology”and to draw a clear line between Marxism and mechanistic historical determinism.However,Althusser interpreted history as a product of purely contingent encounters without subject or purpose,leading him to the erroneous conclusion that history is dominated by situations,thereby inevitably leading him to abandon the theory of class struggle and deny the objective inevitability of communism.Thus,the“Aleatory Materialism”is,in fact,a departure from historical materialism.Rather than resolving crises,it falls into the trap of historical mysticism.

关 键 词：偶然相遇的唯物主义 历史唯物主义 形势理论 

分 类 号：B565.6[哲学宗教—外国哲学]