文化遗产保护公益诉讼的理论逻辑与实践进路  

Theoretical Logic and Practical Approach of Public Interest Litigation for Cultural Heritage Protection

作　　者：王素芬[1] 郭雨茁 WANG Su-fen;GUO Yu-zhuo(Law School of Liaoning University,Shenyang,Liaoning,110036)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学法学院,辽宁沈阳110036

出　　处：《深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2025年第2期56-67,共12页Journal of Shenzhen University:Humanities & Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“社会救助法中积极就业的法律实现机制研究”(21BFX127)。

摘　　要：文化遗产保护公益诉讼是中国式法治现代化在公益诉讼制度实践上的具体体现,是社会主义文化强国建设中具有中国特色的一项制度创新。我国文化遗产保护制度存在公众参与文化遗产保护权利缺失、传统司法救济途径不畅、依托环境公益诉讼无法实现对非物质文化遗产全方位保护等问题,需要进行制度优化。我国文化遗产立法历经了由特殊财产法到文化人权保障立法的范式转换,文化遗产保护的理论基础也由财产权转变为文化人权。文化遗产保护蕴含的公益性与以保护社会公共利益为旨趣的公益诉讼制度相契合,将公益诉讼适用于文化遗产保护领域能够纾解传统诉讼制度对文化遗产保护乏力的困境。结合我国现有制度基础并适度借鉴他国文化遗产保护的有益经验,立法上应对文化遗产权予以清晰界定,赋予公民提起民事公益诉讼的原告主体资格,厘清民事与行政公益诉讼的适用顺位,以行政公益诉讼优位为原则,方能达至文化遗产保护的最佳效果,亦可以充分实现公益诉讼法治化的目标。Public interest litigation for cultural heritage protection is a concrete manifestation of the Chinese-style modernization of the rule of law in the practice of public interest litigation systems,and an institutional innovation with Chinese characteristics in the construction of a socialist cultural powerhouse.China’s cultural heritage protection system faces issues such as the lack of public participation rights in cultural heritage preservation,inefficiencies in traditional judicial remedies,and the inability of environmental public interest litigation to comprehensively safeguard intangible cultural heritage,all of which necessitate institutional optimization.China’s cultural heritage legislation has undergone a paradigm shift from special property law to laws safeguarding cultural human rights,while the theoretical foundation of cultural heritage protection has transitioned from property rights to cultural human rights.The public welfare nature inherent in cultural heritage protection aligns with the public interest litigation system designed to protect societal public interests.Applying public interest litigation to cultural heritage protection can address the shortcomings of traditional litigation systems in this domain.Building on China’s existing institutional framework and appropriately drawing on international best practices,it should clearly define cultural heritage rights in law,grant citizens the standing to initiate civil public interest litigation,clarify the application hierarchy between civil and administrative public interest litigation,and prioritize administrative public interest litigation.This approach will achieve optimal outcomes in cultural heritage protection and fully realize the goal of legalizing public interest litigation.

关 键 词：文化遗产权 公共利益 公益诉讼 文化权利 环境保护 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学] D925[政治法律—诉讼法学]