离婚财产分割协议中不动产权属约定的强制执行力考辨——与离婚财产分割协议可排除执行观点商榷  

The Enforceability of the Divorce Property Division Agreement on Real Estate Ownership--Discussing with the View that Such Agreement Can Exclude Enforcement

作　　者：夏江皓 XIA Jiang-hao(China University of Political Science and Law)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学人权研究院

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期79-89,共11页Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(24CXTD01);国家社会科学基金社科学术社团项目“党的百年奋斗进程中婚姻家庭立法的变革与发展”(22STA029);国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“婚姻家庭财产关系疑难问题的理论阐释与规则适用”(24FFX13054)。

摘　　要：依据程序法规则,通常情况下,一般的债权不得作为排除强制执行的事由,但存在例外情况。支持依据离婚财产分割协议获得的债权作为例外以排除执行的诸多理由均欠缺说服力,离婚财产分割协议不具备突破物权法基本框架的正当性,民事强制执行法上的权宜之计实质上很难证成因离婚财产分割协议对不动产获得债权请求权的当事人一方能够获得实体法意义上的优待权利。然而,即使离婚财产分割协议本身不能排除对诉争不动产的强制执行,作为案外人的原配偶一方依然能得到有效保护。如果案外人对诉争不动产系共同共有人,案外人可以以共有人的身份提起执行异议之诉,请求排除强制执行。如果案外人对诉争不动产系非共同共有人,而仅依据离婚财产分割协议获得债权,案外人在因非自身过错原因导致所有权变更登记受阻的情况下,可以考虑申请预告登记,以限制对诉争不动产的处分。In line with the procedural law,the ordinary obligation right cannot be a reason to exclude the enforcement,but there are exceptions.The reasons for supporting the obligation right from the divorce property division agreement as an exception to exclude the enforcement are all unconvincing.The divorce property division agreement does not have the legitimacy to break the basic framework of real rights law.In fact,it is very difficult for the expedient measure in procedural law to justify that the party who acquires the right of the obligatory claim from the divorce property division agreement should be given preferential treatment in substantial law.Nevertheless,even if the divorce property division agreement itself cannot exclude the enforcement,the interests of the ex-spouse as a third party can still be protected effectively.If the third party is also the co-owner of the disputed real property,he or she can file a petition to exclude enforcement.If the third party is not the co-owner of the disputed real property and only obtains the obligation right from the divorce property division agreement,he or she may apply for the advance notice registration under the situation where there are several objective causes and the condition for applying for a variation of ownership registration is not met.

关 键 词：离婚财产分割协议 案外人异议之诉 排除执行 共同共有人 预告登记 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]