晚清(1870-1911年)在华外国人乡试研究的特点探析  

The Characteristics of Provincial Examination Research of Foreigners in China during the Late Qing Dynasty(1870-1911)

作　　者：李晓[1] Li Xiao(The School of Ethnology and Sociology,Guangxi University for Ethnology,Nanning,Guangxi,530006)

机构地区：[1]广西民族大学民族学与社会学学院,广西南宁530006

出　　处：《考试研究》2025年第3期102-107,共6页Examinations Research

摘　　要：乡试作为中国科举制度的核心组成部分,扮演着选拔人才的关键角色。自19世纪70年代以来,中国乡试的研究受到了广泛关注,尤其在华外国人对此留下了一定史料。他们的研究不仅推动了对乡试认知的深化,还初步建立了一套术语体系,并对应试过程进行了多角度解析。尽管时代评价褒贬不一,但乡试制度无疑是中国古人智慧的结晶,在促进社会阶层流动、加强基层社会治理、传承与创新文化等方面展现出独特优势,对现代社会治理仍有重要启示。The Provincial Examination constituted a pivotal component of China′s imperial examination system,functioning as a conduit for the identification and mobilization of gifted individuals to the feudal government.The earliest known study of this subject dates from the 1870s,when foreigners were the primary researchers in China.The research on the rural examination system by foreigners in China exhibited distinctive characteristics with the objective of enhancing the implementation of colonial governance.These include the extensive involvement of both Chinese and international scholars,the progressive enhancement of comprehension regarding the examination,the initial establishment of a terminological framework,and a multifaceted examination of the examination process.Additionally,there was a diverse evaluation of the examination′s role and significance during different historical periods.The Provincial Examination,which encapsulated the knowledge of the ancients in China,possesses numerous advantages and continues to be illuminating to this day.

关 键 词：晚清 乡试研究 科举史料 

分 类 号：G424.74[文化科学—课程与教学论]