力量训练与柔韧性训练对老年女性跨越障碍运动表现的影响  

Effects of Strength Training and Flexibility Training on Obstacle-Crossing Performance of Elderly Women

作　　者：邢睿 曲峰[1] 马英楠[2] 吕子阳 高星 XING Rui;QU Feng;MA Yingnan;LÜZiyang;GAO Xing(School of Sport Science,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Institute of Smart Ageing,Beijing Academy of Science and Technology,Beijing 100035,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学运动人体科学学院,北京100084 [2]北京市科学技术研究院智慧养老研究所,北京100035

出　　处：《医用生物力学》2025年第2期329-336,共8页Journal of Medical Biomechanics

基　　金：北京市科学技术研究院创新工程项目(24CA009-2)。

摘　　要：目的探讨力量训练与柔韧性训练对老年女性跨越障碍运动策略与触障绊倒风险的影响。方法25名老年女性随机分至力量训练组(n=13)与柔韧性训练组(n=12),分别进行12周相应的干预训练,干预前后运用三维运动捕捉系统采集跨越障碍的运动学数据。结果两种训练均能够显著提升跨越25 cm障碍时的步速(P=0.033)、跨步长(P=0.020)与足尖距离(P=0.014);时间和组别对跨越高度存在显著交互效应(15 cm:P=0.025;25 cm:P=0.019);时间与组别对跨越25 cm障碍时内外方向的稳定裕度存在显著交互效应(P<0.05)。力量训练组干预后的第1单支撑期最小稳定裕度(P=0.046)与足尖跨越至障碍物正上方时刻的稳定裕度(P=0.043)均显著增加。结论力量训练与柔韧性训练方式均可改善老年女性跨越障碍的步态时空特征;相较于柔韧性,肌肉力量是限制跨越高度的主要原因,力量训练能够通过提高老年女性的跨越高度与动态稳定性,降低触障绊倒风险。Objective To investigate the effects of strength training and flexibility training on the strategy of crossing obstacles for the elderly women and the risk of tripping over obstacles.Methods Twenty five elderly women were randomly divided into strength training group(n=13)and flexibility training group(n=12),and received corresponding intervention training for 12 weeks.The kinematics data of obstacle crossing were collected using an infrared three-dimensional(3D)motion capture system before and after training.Results Both strength training and flexibility training could significantly improve the gait speed(P=0.033),stride length(P=0.020)and toe distance(P=0.014)during 25 cm obstacle crossing.The interactive effect of training and time was significant for the crossing height(15 cm:P=0.025;25 cm:P=0.019).The interactive effect of training and time was significant for the margin of stability(MOS)in the internal-external direction during 25 cm obstacle crossing(P<0.05).The minimum MOS in the first single support period(P=0.046)and the MOS at the time when the toe crossed directly above the obstacle(P=0.043)in strength training group were significantly increased.Conclusions Both strength training and flexibility training can improve the spatiotemporal characteristics of the elderly women during obstacle crossing.Compared with flexibility,muscle strength is the most important reason that restricts the crossing height of the elderly women.Strength training can effectively reduce the risk of tripping over obstacles by improving the crossing height and dynamic stability of elderly women.

关 键 词：力量训练 柔韧性训练 跨越障碍 动态稳定性 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]