基于多案例比较的美国高校开放获取政策探究:属性、类型与模式  

A Multiple Case Study of Open Access Policies in U.S.Higher Education Institutions:Attributes,Typologies,and Implementation Models

作　　者：李明 Li Ming

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学国际教育学院,北京100081

出　　处：《山东高等教育》2025年第2期71-78,92,共9页Review of Higher Education

基　　金：中国高等教育学会2022年度重点委托课题“基于国际比较的开放科学理念和实践研究”(2022DWT03)的成果。

摘　　要：开放科学运动正悄然席卷全球,重塑科学生态,推动知识创新。美国高校已经成为落实开放科学理念的重要主体,初步形成开放获取的治理方略,在政策属性上,具备自愿性的政策采纳、循序性的政策扩散、全面性的政策内容、开放性的政策理念等特征;在政策类型上,涵盖全校性和院所性政策、许可式政策和声明式政策等方式;在政策实施上,形成系统收集、综合推广、教师档案、他方挖掘等模式。美国高校作为全球开放科学理念的重要倡导和践行主体,在探索和实践过程中确实取得了进展,也面临如何提升治理能力、兼顾各方利益、深化开放程度等诸多挑战。The open science movement is gaining global momentum,reshaping the research landscape and fostering knowledge innovation.U.S.higher education institutions have emerged as key stakeholders in advancing open science principles,developing distinct open access governance strategies.Analytical findings reveal three dimensions:Policy attributes:Voluntary adoption mechanisms,structured diffusion processes,multi-dimensional policy frameworks,and philosophical commitments to openness.Policy typologies:Institution-wide vs.department-level policies;rights-oriented policies vs.resolution-based guidelines.Implementation models:Systematic content recruitment strategies,targeted outreach initiatives,faculty profiling systems,and metadata harvesting protocols.While these institutions have made substantial progress as global advocates of open science,persistent challenges remain in enhancing governance efficacy,balancing stakeholder interests,and advancing open science beyond accessibility.

关 键 词：美国 高校 开放科学 开放获取 政策 

分 类 号：G649.1[文化科学—高等教育学]