基于鼻-脑轴治疗神经系统疾病的研究进展  

Research progress on the treatment of neurological diseases based on nasal-brain axis

作　　者：陈力菡 宋文婧 吴民民 朱路文[2] CHEN Lihan;SONG Wenjing;WU Minmin;ZHU Luwen(The Second Clinical Medical College,Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine,Heilongjiang Province,Harbin150006,China;Rehabilitation Center,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine,Heilongjiang Province,Harbin150001,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江中医药大学第二临床医学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150006 [2]黑龙江中医药大学附属第二医院康复中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《中国医药导报》2025年第10期38-42,53,共6页China Medical Herald

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(82174477);黑龙江省重点研发计划项目(2022ZX06C24)。

摘　　要：神经系统疾病的发病率不断升高,由于血-脑屏障(BBB)的存在,其治疗方法有限。鼻-脑轴由于能绕过BBB,通过嗅觉和三叉神经直接将药物递送到中枢神经系统的特性受到广泛关注,但目前对鼻-脑轴治疗神经系统疾病的系统性整理尚不充分。本文综合探讨鼻-脑轴的基础结构和转运途径,详细阐述鼻-脑轴与4种常见神经系统疾病的关系,如脑卒中、帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、抑郁症;总结鼻-脑轴治疗神经系统疾病的内在机制是通过转运不同物质实现,包括胞外囊泡、生物类成分和药物成分;提出未来研究方向,为鼻-脑轴治疗神经系统疾病提供新的视角和研究基础。The incidence rate of neurological disease is increasing,treatment methods are limited due to the existence of blood-brain barrier(BBB).Nasal-brain axis,which can bypass BBB and deliver drugs directly to central nervous system through olfactory sensation and trigeminal nerve,has received widespread attention,however,the systematic organization of nasal-brain axis in the treatment of neurological diseases is currently insufficient.This article comprehensively explores basic structure and transport pathways of nasal-brain axis,elaborates in detail on the relationship between nasal-brain axis and four common neurological diseases,such as stroke,Parkinson disease,Alzheimer’s disease,and depressive disorder;summarizes intrinsic mechanism of nasal-brain axis in the treatment of neurological diseases is achieved through the transport of different substances,including extracellular vesicles,biological components,and drug components;proposes future research directions,providing new perspectives and research foundations for nasal-brain axis in the treatment of neurological diseases.

关 键 词：神经系统疾病 神经退行性变性疾病 神经精神类疾病 鼻-脑轴 鼻内给药 脑卒中 帕金森病 阿尔茨海默病 抑郁症 

分 类 号：R741[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]