农村集体经营性建设用地入市改革的深化方向——从湄潭试点看改革全局  

The Deepening Direction of the Reform of Marketization of Rural Collectively owned Commercial Construction Land—insights from the Meitan pilot project for the overall reform

作　　者：陈明[1] CHEN Ming(Institute of Political Science,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院政治学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《治理现代化研究》2025年第3期22-31,共10页Governance Modernization Studies

基　　金：中国社会科学院国情调研重大项目“深化农村集体经营性建设用地入市改革的进展与评估”(2024GQZD010);国家社会科学基金一般项目“农村土地制度与乡村治理体制协同改革研究”(23BZZ067)。

摘　　要：2015—2024年,农村集体经营性建设用地入市改革已经开展了两轮试点,为确保此项改革制度成果的稳慎推广,需要全面梳理两轮试点的改革进展和存在问题,对改革成效和前景作出分析。本文以中国农村改革名县——贵州湄潭为切口,分析了改革试点的推进过程和深化改革思路。湄潭在首轮试点中探索了宅基地分割登记、宅基地转置和多项改革配套等特色做法;深化试点阶段,中央在入市范围、入市方式、入市用途等方面进行了政策调整,湄潭也相应调整规范了试点内容。从湄潭试点看改革全局,除历史遗留问题外,现阶段改革试点在空间布局、村庄规划、土地市场等方面仍然存在一些问题和困境。农村集体经营性建设用地入市改革全面推开之前,首先要解决两轮试点中暴露出的若干问题,同时有必要适度拓展试点内容,再开展一轮深化改革试点。From 2015 to 2024,two rounds of pilot reforms have been carried out to facilitate the marketization of rural collectively-owned commercial construction land.For the prudent and systematic nationwide implementation of these institutional achievements,a comprehensive evaluation of both pilot phases is imperative.This study employs Meitan,Guizhou Province—a nationally recognized forerunner in rural reform—as a case study to scrutinize the implementation mechanisms and evolve strategies for deepening reform initiatives.During the initial pilot phase,Meitan introduced pioneering measures,including split registration,the conversion of resi-dential land,and a multidimensional framework of supportive reforms.In the subsequent phase of deepened reform,the central government recalibrated policies concerning the scope of marketization,transaction modalities,and permissible land-use functions,necessitating corresponding regulatory adjustments within Meitan pilot program.A broader examination of the Meitan pilot within the national reform landscape reveals that,be-yond legacy issues,contemporary challenges remain pronounced in spatial planning,village layout optimization,and land market development.Prior to full-scale nationwide implementation,it is crucial to systematically address the deficiencies identified across both pilot phases while further expanding the scope of pilot initiatives through an additional round of deepened pilot reform.

关 键 词：土地制度改革 集体经营性建设用地 宅基地 改革试点 

分 类 号：F301.0[经济管理—产业经济]