规范与美德之间:公德与私德中的“德”及其现代伦理重构  

Between Norms and Virtues:The Concept of"De"in Public and Private Morality and Its Modern Ethical Reconstruction

作　　者：魏士雅 Wei Shiya(Renmin University of China,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学,北京中国100080

出　　处：《人文与社会科学学刊》2025年第3期134-140,共7页

摘　　要：对“公德”“私德”的讨论自梁启超以来经久不息,基于现代性的理解,需要区分两种道德已是共识,如此才能使社会有序发展。“公德”的“德”不管从利群的道德价值观、国家公民道德还是社会公德,都是在规范的意义上展开的,“私德”的“德”有作为规范的部分,也有作为美德的部分。对于“公德”“私德”中的规范性内容,以伯纳德·威廉斯的观点来看是一种奇特的建制,这确实是不可忽视的一点,可是从他关注的自我的角度出发,仍然可以为“公德”“私德”之“德”的规范性内容辩护。Discussions on"public morality"(公德,gongde)and"private morality"(私德,side)have persisted since Liang Qichao.Based on a modern understanding,there is a consensus that distinguishing between these two forms of morality is essential for the orderly development of society.The"virtue"(德,de)in"public morality"operates within a normative framework,whether viewed through the lens of Liang Qichao’s collective-benefit moral values(利群),national civic morality,or social public morality.In contrast,the"virtue"in"private morality"encompasses both normative dimensions and elements of virtue ethics.From Bernard Williams’perspective,the normative content within"public morality"and"private morality"constitutes a peculiar institutional construct—a critical observation that cannot be overlooked.However,by grounding his analysis in the concept of the"self,"Williams’framework still offers a defensible rationale for the normative aspects of"virtue"in both public and private moral systems.

关 键 词：公德 私德 规范 自我 

分 类 号：B82-0[哲学宗教—伦理学]