不同酶处理对发酵油菜秸秆营养价值、发酵品质及体外瘤胃发酵特性的影响  

Effects of different enzyme on nutritional value,fermentation quality and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of fermented rapeseed straw

作　　者：余佩遥 马永霞 李玉娟 吴建平 张康林 姜菲 史海涛 黄艳玲[1] YU Peiyao;MA Yongxia;LI Yujuan;WU Jianping;ZHANG Kanglin;JIANG Fei;SHI Haitao;HUANG Yanling(Key Laboratory of Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission,Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resources Reservationand Utilization,College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,South West Minzu University,Chengdu,Sichuan Province 610041,China;Institute of Animal Husbandry of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province,Kangding,Sichuan Province 626000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学畜牧兽医学院,青藏高原动物遗传资源保护与利用教育部重点实验室,动物科学国家民委重点实验室,四川成都610041 [2]四川省甘孜藏族自治州畜牧科学研究所,四川康定626000

出　　处：《中国饲料》2025年第9期113-122,共10页China Feed

基　　金：四川省科技厅重点研发项目:油菜秸秆饲料化高效利用技术研究与应用(2022YFN0063);四川肉牛创新团队建设项目(sccxtd-2023-13);牦牛高效养殖关键技术与集成应用研究。

摘　　要：为探究不同酶制剂对油菜秸秆厌氧发酵的发酵品质、主要营养成分、康奈尔净碳水化合物蛋白质体系组分(CNCPS)及瘤胃体外发酵特性的影响,本试验共设置5个处理组:对照组(不添加酶制剂);T1组(纤维素酶+木聚糖酶+β-葡聚糖酶组);T2组(纤维素酶+木聚糖酶+β-葡聚糖酶+果胶酶组);T3组(纤维素酶+木聚糖酶+β-葡聚糖酶+漆酶组);T4组(纤维素酶+木聚糖酶+β-葡聚糖酶+果胶酶+漆酶),每个处理组5个重复,进行为期45 d的厌氧发酵,分析营养成分、青贮品质和瘤胃体外发酵特性。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,各酶制剂发酵油菜秸秆可改善其营养价值,其中T2组粗蛋白质(CP)含量最高(P<0.05),同时中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)及酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)含量最低(P<0.05);(2)各酶制剂处理油菜秸秆可改善其发酵品质,与对照组相比,T2、T3和T4组氨态氮(NH3-N)含量降低(P<0.05),T1、T2和T3组乳酸(LA)含量升高,T1和T2组乙酸(AA)含量升高(P<0.05);(3)各酶制剂组酸性洗涤不溶粗蛋白质(ADIP)含量降低(P<0.05),可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量升高(P<0.05),其中T2组中性洗涤不溶蛋白质和酸性洗涤不溶粗蛋白质含量最低(P<0.05),可溶性碳水化合物含量最高(P<0.05);(4)所有酶制剂处理可改善瘤胃体外发酵参数,提高微生物蛋白(MCP)、乙酸和丁酸(BA)含量(P<0.05),降低氨态氮含量(P<0.05),此外T1、T2和T4组丙酸含量升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,添加不同酶制剂组合可以在一定程度上改善油菜秸秆厌氧发酵的发酵品质、主要营养成分及瘤胃体外发酵特性。在实际生产中为保证油菜秸秆饲用化达到最优效果,建议以T2组(纤维素酶+木聚糖酶+β-葡聚糖酶+果胶酶)添加。This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of different enzymes on the fermentation quality,main nutrients components,Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System(CNSPS)and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of anaerobic fermentation of rapeseed straw.Five treatments were set up:the control group(no enzymes added);T1 group:cellulase+xylanase+β-glucanase;T2 group:cellulase+xylanase+β-glucanase+pectinase;T3 group:cellulase+xylanase+β-glucanase+laccase;T4 group:cellulase+xylanase+β-glucanase+pectinase+laccase,with five replicates for each treatment.The anaerobic fermentation lasted for 45 days,during which nutritional components,silage quality,and rumen in vitro fermentation characteristics were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)Compared with the control group,enzyme-fermented rapeseed straw improved its nutritional value,with the T2 group had the highest crude protein(CP)content(P<0.05)and the lowest neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF),and acid detergent lignin(ADL)contents(P<0.05).(2)Enzyme-treated rapeseed straw improved its fermentation quality(P<0.05),with T2,T3,and T4 groups showing decreased ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N)content,and T1,T2,and T3 groups showing increased lactic acid content(P<0.05).Additionally,T1 and T2 groups showed increased acetic acid content(P<0.05).(3)All enzyme treatments reduced acid detergent insoluble protein(ADIP)(P<0.05)and increased soluble carbohydrate(WSC)content(P<0.05),with the T2 group had the lowest neutral detergent insoluble protein and ADIP content and the highest WSC content(P<0.05).(4)All enzyme treatments improved rumen in vitro fermentation parameters by increasing microbial protein(P<0.05),acetic acid,and butyric acid contents while decreasing ammonia nitrogen content,with T1,T2,and T4 groups showed increased propionic acid content(P<0.05).In conclusion,adding different combinations of enzyme preparations could improve the fermentation quality,major nutritional components,and rumen in vitro fermentation characteristics of rapeseed str

关 键 词：油菜秸秆 酶制剂 康奈尔净碳水化合物蛋白质体系组分 体外发酵 

分 类 号：S816.6[农业科学—饲料科学]