发酵全混合日粮对体外模拟瘤胃发酵纤维降解、挥发性脂肪酸和甲烷生成的影响  

Effects of fermented total mixed diets on fiber degradation,volatile fatty acids and methanogenesis in simulated rumen fermentation in vitro

作　　者：张琬倩 王敏 王天威[3] 江明生 普宣宣[2] 张秀敏 林波[1] ZHANG Wanqian;WANG Min;WANG Tianwei;JIANG Mingsheng;PU Xuanxuan;ZHANG Xiumin;LIN Bo(College of Animal Science and Technology,Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi 530004,China;Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha,Hunan Province 410125,China;Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100000,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学动物科学技术学院,广西南宁530004 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,湖南长沙410125 [3]中国科学院微生物研究所,北京100000

出　　处：《中国饲料》2025年第9期130-137,共8页China Feed

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32002204,U22A20512,32161143028);湖南省重点研发计划项目(2022NK2021);湖南省科技创新计划项目(2023RC3206)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在利用体外模拟瘤胃发酵试验评估发酵处理对全混合日粮(TMR)瘤胃发酵纤维降解、挥发性脂肪酸和甲烷生成等方面的影响。首先用TMR制备发酵全混合日粮(FTMR)并对发酵品质和营养成分进行分析,随后分别以TMR和FTMR作为发酵底物,利用全自动体外模拟瘤胃发酵系统进行发酵试验。结果表明:(1)与TMR相比,FTMR的pH值、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量分别降低了10.3%、16.4%、19.4%,非纤维性碳水化合物含量升高了37.5%,发酵品质较好。(2)与TMR相比,FTMR的体外瘤胃发酵干物质和中性洗涤纤维降解率显著升高了3.43%、23.1%(P<0.05),同时,产气速率和总产气量显著升高了11.1%、6.23%(P<0.05)。(3)与TMR相比,FTMR体外瘤胃发酵液微生物蛋白浓度和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度、丁酸摩尔比显著升高了14.4%、10.0%、7.11%(P<0.05),而乙酸摩尔比显著下降了3.64%(P<0.05),乙丙比有下降的趋势(P=0.057)。(4)与TMR相比,FTMR体外瘤胃发酵的甲烷(P=0.02)和氢气相对产量降低(P=0.03)。本研究结果表明,发酵处理能够改善TMR饲料品质,提高体外瘤胃发酵的干物质降解率,使瘤胃发酵模式向丙酸生成型转变,减少甲烷相对产量,有利于提高TMR的饲料利用率并减少反刍家畜甲烷排放。The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of fermentation treatments on rumen fermentation fiber degradation,volatile fatty acids and methanogenesis in total mixed ration(TMR)using in vitro simulated rumen fermentation test.Fermented total mixed ration(FTMR)were first prepared with TMR and analyzed for fermentation quality and nutrient composition,followed by fermentation tests using a fully automated in vitro simulated rumen fermentation system with TMR and FTMR as fermentation substrates,respectively.The results showed that:(1)The pH,neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents of FTMR decreased by 10.3%,16.4%and 19.4%,and the non-fibrous carbohydrate content increased by 37.5%compared with TMR,achieving better fermentation quality.(2)Compared with TMR,the degradation rates of in vitro rumen fermentation dry matter and neutral detergent fiber of FTMR significantly increased by 3.43%and 23.1%(P<0.05),while the rate of gas production and total gas production were significantly increased by 11.1%and 6.23%(P<0.05).(3)Compared with TMR,the microbial protein concentration and total volatile fatty acid concentration and butyrate molar ratio of the in vitro rumen fermentation broth of FTMR were significantly increased by 14.4%,10.0%and 7.11%(P<0.05),whereas the acetate molar ratio significantly decreased by 3.64%(P<0.05),and there was a trend of a decrease in the ratio of acetate to propionate(P=0.057).(4)Relative methane(P=0.02)and hydrogen yields were reduced(P=0.03)in the in vitro rumen fermentation of the FTMR as compared to the TMR.The results of this study indicated that fermentation treatment could improve TMR feed quality,increase the dry matter degradation rate of in vitro rumen fermentation,shift the rumen fermentation pattern to propionate generation,reduce the relative methane production,and contribute to the improvement of feed utilization and reduction of methane emission from ruminant livestock in TMR.

关 键 词：TMR FTMR 体外发酵 挥发性脂肪酸 甲烷 

分 类 号：S816.6[农业科学—饲料科学]