中国自主法学知识体系形成的元理论化类型阐释  

Meta-Theoretical Typology of the Formation of China's Independent Legal Knowledge System

作　　者：张珺皓 ZHANG Jun-hao(School of Law/Centre for the Study of Theoretical Law,Jilin University,Changchun 130015,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院/理论法学研究中心,吉林长春130015

出　　处：《河北法学》2025年第7期4-30,共27页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项项目“社会主义法治建设实践与中国自主法学知识体系构建”(2023JZDZ012)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：元理论是对“法学之法学”与“理论之理论”的凝练,引入元理论化类型理论,须以对以往法学元理论类型化研究不足带来的误读之澄清为前提,元理论直面理论,“教条式的元理论”的提法有待商榷。法学元理论化的类型一,作为产生总体理论视角来源的元理论化,旨在引领法学理论研究的局部或全体领域,能够对我国法学研究进行宏观诊脉,形成主领性的理论视角源头,从而为法学话语体系构建提供正当化根据。绝对化元理论不能带来法学知识增量。法学元理论化的类型二,作为理解法学理论的一种手段的元理论化,旨在对法学理论有更好及更深刻的理解,法学学科体系之建立以该种元理论化类型为核心。应探究中国法学知识体系与中国自主法学知识体系的逻辑起点,从逆向思维回应为何建构中国自主法学知识体系。法学元理论化的类型三,作为法学理论发展之前提的元理论化,旨在产生新的法学理论,也是法学学术体系创新之源泉。应对照自然科学理论发展反思中国自主法学知识体系的非自主性。元概念、元知识与元问题等“元”表述受到类型化约束。法学元理论的理论框架以理论的阶层性为基础,其始终根植于面向实践的一阶理论。法学“二阶/元理论—元问题”与“一阶理论—实践问题”相比较可知,理论约束元理论化的发展,成为元理论化的限度。在中国法学知识体系的建设过程中,“从自己走向自主,从自主走向自信”是一个渐进的发展进程。不仅要看到实践上的理论,更要看到理论背后的元理论化。Meta-theory is the distillation of“the study of jurisprudence itself”and“the theory of theories.”The introduction of typological theories of meta-theorization must be premised on clarifying the misinterpretations arising from the inadequacies of previous typological research on legal meta-theories.Meta-theory engages directly with theory,and the notion of a“dogmatic meta-theory”remains debatable.As the origin of a general theoretical perspective,meta-theoretical formation aims to guide partial or comprehensive fields of jurisprudential research,offering a macroscopic diagnosis of China's jurisprudential studies.It establishes a dominant theoretical source that provides the justification for constructing a legal discourse system.Absolutized meta-theory cannot contribute to the incremental development of legal knowledge.As a means of understanding legal theory,meta-theoretical formation seeks to deepen and refine our comprehension of legal theory,with this typology at the core of building the system of jurisprudential disciplines.It is necessary to explore the logical starting point between China's legal knowledge system and its independent legal knowledge system,reflecting on the reverse reasoning for constructing such a system.As a prerequisite for the development of legal theory,meta-theoretical formation generates new legal theories and serves as a source of innovation in the academic system of jurisprudence.A reflection on the non-independence of China's legal knowledge system should draw from the development of theories in natural sciences.Expressions such as“meta-concept,”“meta-knowledge,”and“meta-problems”are subject to typological constraints.The theoretical framework of legal meta-theory is based on the hierarchical nature of theory,which remains rooted in first-order,practice-oriented theories.Comparing the“second-order/meta-theory—meta-problem”of jurisprudence with“first-order theory—practical problem”reveals that theory constrains the development of meta-theory,defin

关 键 词：元理论 自主法学知识体系 类型 元问题 

分 类 号：DF0[政治法律—法学理论]