轻微犯罪程序应对的实践争议与理论检讨  

Practical Controversies and Theoretical Review of Procedural Responses to Minor Offenses

作　　者：李奋飞[1] 吴琼 LI Fen-fei;WU Qiong(School of Law,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《河北法学》2025年第7期31-51,共21页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：司法部2024年度法治建设与法学理论研究课题“涉案财物处置与刑事诉讼法的再修改”(20241SF0006)的成果。

摘　　要：为妥善应对犯罪结构的轻刑化转向,法检机关积极推动刑事案件轻重分轨,陆续形成以效率、分流和矫正为导向的轻微犯罪程序实践。但随着探索的深入,一些疑难争议问题逐渐显现,分别是如何准确识别轻微犯罪,如何衡平轻微犯罪程序中的多元价值,以及如何在实现诊疗价值的同时,有效控制轻微犯罪的起诉裁量权。解决上述问题的关键在于,明确识别轻微犯罪的实体与程序标准,在坚守底线正义的前提下衡平诉讼效率、非刑罪化、有效诊疗和矛盾化解等多元价值,并以此为基础完善轻微犯罪诉讼程序规范。一方面,依托已有的诉前考察实践经验,进一步制度化附条件不起诉、撤回起诉等程序性出罪机制;另一方面,为避免程序消解实体,应将公共利益衡量作为控制起诉裁量权的核心原则,并设置相应的标准与程序。本次刑事诉讼法修改也应关照轻微犯罪的程序实践,推动轻微犯罪诉讼程序功能向教育矫正与犯罪预防转型。To effectively address the shift towards minor offenses in criminal justice,judicial authorities have proactively promoted differentiated mechanisms for criminal cases based on their severity,gradually establishing procedural practices for minor offenses oriented towards efficiency,diversion,and rehabilitation.However,as these explorations deepen,three contentious issues have emerged:how to accurately identify minor crimes,how to balance multiple values within misdemeanor procedures,and how to effectively control prosecutorial discretion while achieving rehabilitative objectives.The key to resolving these issues lies in clarifying substantive and procedural criteria for identifying minor crimes,balancing values such as judicial efficiency,non-criminalization,effective rehabilitation,and conflict resolution while upholding fundamental justice,thereby refining procedural norms for minor criminal litigation.On the one hand,building on existing practices of pre-prosecution supervision measures,institutionalization should be advanced for conditional non-prosecution and withdrawal of prosecution as procedural decriminalization mechanisms.On the other hand,to prevent procedural mechanisms from undermining substantive justice,public interest considerations must be established as the core principle governing prosecutorial discretion,and corresponding standards and procedures should be set up.The revision of the Criminal Procedure Law should also be concerned with responding to the procedural practice of minor offenses and promoting the transformation of the function of the procedure for minor crimes into rehabilitation and crime prevention.

关 键 词：轻微犯罪 诊疗性司法 程序出罪 公共利益衡量 诉前考察 

分 类 号：DF73[政治法律—诉讼法学]