沼液替代化肥对水稻产量、品质和土壤特性的影响  

Effects of biogas slurry substituting chemical fertilizer on rice yield and quality and soil characteristics

作　　者：应永飞 韩东轩 孟芳 俞遴 沈佳栾 汪开英[2] YING Yongfei;HAN Dongxuan;MENG Fang;YU Lin;SHEN Jialuan;WANG Kaiying(Zhejiang Province Technology Extension and Livestock and Poultry Monitoring Station,Hangzhou 310017,China;College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Animal Husbandry and Agricultural Machinery Development Center of Lin'an District,Hangzhou City,Hangzhou 311300,China;Plant Quarantine Station of Lin'an District,Hangzhou City,Hangzhou 311300,China;Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Lin'an District,Hangzhou City,Hangzhou 311300,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省畜牧技术推广与种畜禽监测总站,浙江杭州310017 [2]浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院,浙江杭州310058 [3]杭州市临安区畜牧农机发展中心,浙江杭州311300 [4]杭州市临安区植物检疫站,浙江杭州311300 [5]杭州市临安区农业农村局,浙江杭州311300

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2025年第4期880-891,共12页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：2024年度“尖兵领雁+X”研发攻关计划项目(2024C02004)。

摘　　要：为探明沼液替代化肥对水稻生产的影响,采用田间试验对比了基肥施用3种配比的沼液和化肥(100%化肥、80%化肥+25%沼液、100%沼液)对水稻产量和品质、土壤养分、微生物群落结构,以及土壤、水稻重金属含量的影响。结果表明,基肥全施沼液处理的水稻结实率、千粒重、产量和稻米品质在3个处理中表现最佳。施用沼液会导致水稻秸秆中的Cu、Zn、As含量增加,存在重金属累积风险,籽粒中的As含量虽显著(P<0.05)增加,但未超过GB 2762—2022《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》的限量标准。施用沼液改变了土壤微生物群落结构,增加了微生物的α多样性,提高了电活性菌的相对丰度。综合来看,在该试验条件下,全施沼液可降低肥料成本,增加种植品质,带来最优收益。To explore the impact of biogas slurry substituting chemical fertilizers on rice production,a field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of applying three ratios of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizers(100%chemical fertilizer,80%chemical fertilizer+25%biogas slurry,100%biogas slurry)as basal fertilizers on rice yield and quality,soil nutrients,microbial community structure,as well as heavy metal contents in both soil and rice.The results showed that among the three treatments,the rice with 100%biogas slurry as the basal fertilizer demonstrated the best performance in terms of seed setting rate,1000-grain weight,yield,and rice quality.The application of biogas slurry led to an increase in the contents of Cu,Zn and As in rice straw,posing a risk of heavy metal accumulation.Although the As content in grains increased significantly(P<0.05),it did not exceed the limit standard stipulated in GB 2762-2022 National Food Safety Standard:Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Foods.The application of biogas slurry altered the soil microbial community structure,enhanced the microbialα-diversity,and raised the relative abundance of electroactive bacteria.Overall,under the experimental conditions,the application of biogas slurry substituting the full amount of pure nitrogen in the basal fertilizer could reduce fertilizer cost and increase planting quality and profits,bring about optimal benefits.

关 键 词：化肥减量 沼液 土壤特性 水稻产量 食品安全 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]