泪液检测在眼科疾病诊断应用中的研究进展  

Research Progress on the Application of Tear Fluid Analysis in Ophthalmic Disease Diagnosis

作　　者：伏书玥 梁昊[1] 彭清华[1,2] FU Shuyue;LIANG Hao;PENG Qinghua(Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,Changsha 410208,China;Hunan Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Eye,Ear,Nose,Throat Diseases and Vision Function Protection Engineering Technology Research Center,Changsha 410208,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南中医药大学,长沙410208 [2]湖南省中医药防治眼耳鼻咽喉疾病与视功能保护工程技术研究中心,长沙410208

出　　处：《中国中医眼科杂志》2025年第5期482-486,共5页China Journal of Chinese Ophthalmology

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(2024JJ1007)。

摘　　要：本文通过分析国内外文献,总结当前泪液采集方法的优缺点,并梳理基于生物标志物、细胞学及分子检测的泪液分析技术,对泪液采集、检测技术及其在眼科疾病诊断中的应用进展进行综述。研究发现,泪液检测已广泛应用于干眼、青光眼、视网膜病变等眼科疾病的诊断与评估。此外,泪液中的炎症因子及代谢物检测为早期筛查和个性化治疗提供了新方向。然而,泪液成分复杂且浓度低,标准化检测流程尚未完善,部分疾病的泪液特异性标志物研究不足,易导致漏诊或误诊。因此,如何开发无创、高灵敏度的即时检测技术,结合多组学分析挖掘新型生物标志物,推动泪液检测与人工智能辅助诊断的融合是未来值得研究的方向。This review analyzes domestic and international literature to summarize the advan⁃tages and disadvantages of current tear fluid collection methods and examines tear fluid analysis techniques based on biomarkers,cytology,and molecular detection.The study provides an over⁃view of tear fluid collection,detection technologies,and their application in the diagnosis of oph⁃thalmic diseases.Research findings indicate that tear fluid analysis has been widely applied in the diagnosis and assessment of ophthalmic diseases such as dry eye,glaucoma,and retinal disorders.Furthermore,the detection of inflammatory factors and metabolites in tear fluid offers new direc⁃tions for early screening and personalized treatment.However,the complex composition and low concentration of tear fluid pose challenges,and standardized detection protocols remain incom⁃plete.Additionally,the lack of disease-specific biomarkers in tear fluid may lead to missed diagno⁃ses or misdiagnoses.Therefore,the development of non-invasive,high-sensitivity point-of-care test⁃ing technologies,combined with multi-omics approaches to identify novel biomarkers,and the inte⁃gration of tear fluid analysis with artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis represent promising fu⁃ture research directions.

关 键 词：泪液 泪液采集 诊断 疾病 生物标志物 蛋白质组学 

分 类 号：R77[医药卫生—眼科]