超声在老年患者甲状腺癌诊断与治疗中的应用现状及进展  

Application and progress of ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer in elderly patients

作　　者：刘心怡 张波[2] Liu Xinyi;Zhang Bo(China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100029,China;Department of Ultrasound,China-Japan Friendship Hospital,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学中日友好临床医学院,北京100029 [2]中日友好医院超声医学科,北京100029

出　　处：《中华老年医学杂志》2025年第4期561-566,共6页Chinese Journal of Geriatrics

摘　　要：甲状腺癌在全球范围内的发病率逐年增加。随着全年龄组发病率的上升,老年患者甲状腺癌的发病率同样增加。通常认为,老年患者甲状腺癌肿瘤体积更大,分期高,更易出现低分化、未分化的肿瘤,肿瘤更具侵袭性,可导致预后不良。美国癌症联合委员会第8版甲状腺癌分期系统显示,甲状腺癌患者的诊断年龄是TNM分期的重要指标,因此第8版中将诊断年龄截点从第2至第7版的45岁提高至55岁。目前甲状腺癌患者的诊断与治疗方案没有根据年龄进行分层,老年患者往往参照一般患者进行管理。超声作为甲状腺癌诊断、介入诊断、治疗中最重要的影像学手段,总结老年患者的特点对于指导规范化治疗、改善患者预后均有帮助。本文回顾了近年来超声领域在老年患者甲状腺癌诊疗方面的文献,对甲状腺结节恶性风险评价、超声新技术诊断、介入超声、预后评价等应用方向进行综述。The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing worldwide each year,with rising rates observed in elderly patients as well as across all age groups.It is widely accepted that thyroid cancer tumors in elderly patients tend to be larger,are often at a higher stage,and are more likely to be poorly differentiated or anaplastic,which are associated with a more aggressive disease course and poorer prognosis.According to the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Thyroid Cancer Staging Manual,the age at diagnosis is a significant indicator of TNM staging;consequently,the cut-off age for diagnosis has been raised from 45 years in the 2nd to 7th editions to 55 years in the 8th edition.Currently,diagnostic and treatment protocols for thyroid cancer patients are not stratified by age,leading to older patients often being managed according to protocols applicable to all age groups.Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality utilized in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer.Summarizing the characteristics of thyroid cancer in elderly patients is essential for guiding standardized treatment and enhancing prognosis.This article reviews recent literature on the role of ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer in elderly patients,synthesizing the application of risk stratification systems for thyroid nodules,advancements in ultrasound technology,interventional ultrasound techniques,and prognostic evaluation.

关 键 词：甲状腺 老年人 超声检查 超声新技术 介入超声 

分 类 号：R736.1[医药卫生—肿瘤]