冬闲田饲用小黑麦不同生育期营养价值和青贮品质比较  

Nutritional Value of Winter Fallow Field Fed Rye at Different Growth Stages Comparison with Silage Quality

作　　者：张一为 郭爽 张盛南 王璐瑶 邵丽玮[2] 王鸿英 ZHANG Yiwei;GUO Shuang;ZHANG Shengnan;WANG Luyao;SHAO Liwei;WANG Hongying(Tianjin Agricultural Development Service Center,Tianjin 300061,China;Hebei Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute,Baoding,Hebei 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市农业发展服务中心,天津300061 [2]河北省畜牧兽医研究所,河北保定071000

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2025年第2期23-26,30,共5页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：2024年天津市农业发展服务中心种业科技创新项目(编号ZXKJ202406);天津市奶牛(肉羊)现代农业产业技术体系创新团队(ITTCRS2021000)。

摘　　要：为研究饲用小黑麦品种冀饲草3号在天津地区不同生育期主要营养价值和青贮发酵品质变化,试验分别在小黑麦抽穗期、开花期、灌浆期和乳熟期进行刈割,针对小黑麦干草和其青贮后的主要营养物质含量和发酵品质进行分析。结果表明:抽穗期冀饲草3号粗蛋白含量最高,为13.70%,显著高于其他时期,酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量最低,中性洗涤纤维30 h消化率显著高于其他时期;乳熟期,淀粉含量最高,为9.60%,总可消化养分最高,为60.40%,非结构性碳水化合物呈升高趋势;抽穗期,灰分、钙、磷含量显著高于其他时期。小黑麦青贮粗蛋白含量最高值出现在抽穗期,为16.07%,开花期、灌浆期和乳熟期酸性洗涤纤维以及中性洗涤纤维均显著高于抽穗期,中性洗涤纤维30 h消化率在抽穗期最高,粗脂肪含量最高值出现在抽穗期,为3.26%,总可消化养分最高值出现在乳熟期,为58.53%,相对饲草品质(RFQ)最高值出现在抽穗期,为110.33,灰分、钙和磷含量在抽穗期最高,乳酸含量和pH值范围分别为2.01%~3.29%和4.50~4.91,二者最高值均出现在抽穗期。综上,天津地区利用冬闲田种植冀饲草3号饲用小黑麦,调制干草宜在抽穗期收获,青贮宜在开花期至灌浆期收获。To investigate the changes in primary nutritional values and silage fermentation quality of forage triticale variety Jisi No.3 during different growth stages in Tianjin,samples were collected at heading,flowering,filling,and milk-ripe stages.The contents of major nutrients and fermentation quality in both hay and silage were analyzed.The results indicated that during the heading stage,the crude protein content of Jisi No.3 hay reached the highest value of 13.70%,which had been significantly higher than other stages.The contents of acid detergent fiber(ADF)and neutral detergent fiber(NDF)were the lowest at heading stage,while the 30-hour NDF digestibility at this stage had been significantly higher than other periods.The starch content peaked at 9.60%during the milk-ripe stage,and the total digestible nutrients(TDN)reached the maximum of 60.40%at the same stage.Non-structural carbohydrates showed an increasing trend.The ash,calcium,and phosphorus contents at heading stage had been significantly higher than other stages.After ensiling,the crude protein content at heading stage reached the highest value of 16.07%.The ADF and NDF contents during flowering,filling,and milk-ripe stages were all significantly higher than those at heading stage.The 30-hour NDF digestibility at heading stage remained the highest.The crude fat content peaked at 3.26%during heading stage,while the TDN reached the maximum of 58.53%at milk-ripe stage.The relative forage quality(RFQ)value at heading stage reached 110.33,which was the highest.The ash,calcium,and phosphorus contents at heading stage were also the highest.Lactic acid content ranged from 2.01%to 3.29%,and pH values ranged from 4.50 to 4.91,both peaking at heading stage.In conclusion,when utilizing winter fallow fields in Tianjin to cultivate Jisi No.3 forage triticale,hay should be harvested at heading stage,while silage should be prepared during flowering to filling stages.

关 键 词：饲用小黑麦 生育期 营养价值 青贮品质 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]