颌面部破冲复合伤模型的建立与研究  

A new animal model for the study of explosive injury in maxillofacial region

作　　者：雷德林[1] 王昭领[1] 周树夏[1] 李兵仓[2] 张良潮[2] 白振西[1] 吴国萍[2] 李丹[1] 王彦亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安第四军医大学口腔医学院颌面外科,710032 [2]第三军医大学野战外科研究所六室

出　　处：《实用口腔医学杂志》2002年第6期504-506,共3页Journal of Practical Stomatology

摘　　要：目的 :建立颌面部破冲复合伤模型 ,并初步研究颌面部爆炸伤的特点。方法 :采用雷管作爆炸源 ,滑膛枪发射钢珠模拟破片 ,同步测速及测压系统检测致伤参数 ,建立致伤模型。整个致伤模型为一同步控制系统 ,由破片发射触发。由破片对犬颌面部致伤 ,雷管悬于弹着点上方 ,爆距设计为 5、10、15cm。记录致伤参数 (撞击速度、能量吸收、体表压力 ) ,观察动物伤情。结果 :该模型能稳定地模拟犬颌面部的爆炸伤 ,爆炸冲击波压力随爆距减小而急剧升高。犬颌面部伤情严重。损伤范围广 ,并有心、肺、脑等脏器的损伤 ,损伤程度随能量吸收与冲击波压力的升高而加重。结论 :该破冲复合伤模型能较真实地模拟爆炸伤的致伤效果 ,可用于颌面部爆炸伤的基础理论及临床救治研究。颌面部爆炸伤具有伤情重。Objective: To establish an efficient animal model for the study of explosive injury in maxillofacial region.Methods: The detonator, steel spheres as fragments simulants shot by smooth-bore barrel and a synchronizer were used to define the wound model in the maxillofacial region of 18 dogs. The whole system was triggered when shooting. Wounding parameters and the changes of targets after explosion were observed and recorded. Results: The overpressure of blast wave decreased exponentially according to the distance from explosive. After injury, the local damage of dogs was serious and extensive compounded with the damages in heart, lung and brain. The injury was aggravated with the increasing of over pressure and energy absorption. Conclusion: The new wound model can be used for the study of explosive injury in maxillofacial region that is characterized by serious tissue damage and multi-etiology.

关 键 词：颌面部 爆炸伤 冲击伤 枪弹伤 破片 动物模型 

分 类 号：R-332[医药卫生]