石油污染土壤的生物修复技术及微生物生态效应  

Effects and Biological Response on Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soil

作　　者：杨茜[1] 吴蔓莉[1] 聂麦茜[1] 王婷婷[1] 张明辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,西安710055

出　　处：《环境科学》2015年第5期1856-1863,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51278405);国家环境保护环境微生物利用与安全控制重点实验室开放基金项目(MARC2013D007);陕西省教育厅重点实验室科研计划项目(13JS048);榆林市科技局计划项目(K03259)

摘　　要：利用投菌法和生物刺激法对陕北子长石油污染土壤进行微生物修复研究.通过利用红外分光光度法测定不同处理方法对石油烃的去除效果确定了修复陕北石油污染土壤的最佳方案.修复过程中利用最大可能计数法(MPN)、PCR-琼脂糖电泳法、PCR-DGGE法分别测定了石油烃降解菌数目、催化基因、土壤微生物多样性对土壤微生物生态效应进行研究.结果发现石油污染土壤不同生物处理修复效果为:生物刺激(加入N、P营养物质)>生物强化(投加降解菌)>其他.土壤中石油烃降解率与可降解石油烃的催化基因含量之间存在正相关关系,修复过程中土壤中的石油烃和烷烃降解菌数量显著多于多环芳烃降解菌数量,投加外源降解菌SZ-1可以显著提高土壤细菌群落的多样性.研究结果有助于深入理解生物修复石油土壤过程中的微生物生态效应变化.Bioaugmentation and biostimulation were used to remediate petroleum-contaminated soil which were collected from Zichang city in North of Shaanxi. The optimal bioremediation method was obtained by determining the total petroleum hydrocarbon(TPH) using the infrared spectroscopy. During the bioremediation, number of degrading strains, TPH catabolic genes, and soil microbial community diversity were determined by Most Probable Number(MPN), polymerase chain reaction(PCR) combined agarose electrophoresis, and PCR- denaturing gradient electrophoresis(DGGE). The results in different treatments showed different biodegradation effects towards total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH). Biostimulation by adding N and P to soils achieved the best degradation effects towards TPH, and the bioaugmentation was achieved by inoculating strain SZ- 1 to soils. Further analysis indicated the positive correlation between catabolic genes and TPH removal efficiency. During the bioremediation, the number of TPH and alkanes degrading strains was higher than the number of aromatic degrading strains. The results of PCR-DGGE showed microbial inoculums could enhance microbial community functional diversity. These results contribute to understand the ecologically microbial effects during the bioremediation of petroleum-polluted soil.

关 键 词：石油污染土壤 微生物修复 催化基因 土壤微生物群落多样性 最大可能计数法(MPN) PCR-DGGE 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X172