论波普尔的开放社会  

Karl Popper's Open Society

作　　者：顾肃 

出　　处：《开放时代》2002年第6期6-12,共7页Open Times

摘　　要：波普尔从批判理性主义和试错法出发,批评了乌托邦主义和完美主义的虚妄和危害,指出人们无法预测社会的长期发展规律,而应立足于逐步的社会改良工程。封闭社会是巫术的部落的禁忌的社会,而开放社会则是向批评和个人判断开放、提倡理性、反对盲从的社会。政治自由主义的一个基本原则不是奢望完美的好人统治,而是通过自由的批评限制政府权力,通过合理的权力制衡来防止坏人做坏事。Starting from critical rationalism, Karl Popper pinpoints harmfulness of Utopianism and perfectionism, stresses that people cannot predict long-term law of development in a society, what they can do is piecemeal social engineering. Closed society is magical, tribal and collectivist one that relies on authority and taboos, while open society welcomes criticism and individual judgments, insisting on reason and opposing blind obedience. One of basic principles of political liberalism is not always to anticipate the rule by good men, but to set up institutions that limit government power through check and balance of powers and free criticism.

关 键 词：乌托邦主义 完美主义 封闭社会 政治自由主义 波普尔 开放社会 

分 类 号：B561[哲学宗教—外国哲学]