区域生态系统可持续发展的生态价值评价——以宁夏灵武市为例  

Assessment with Eco-economic Valuation of Sustainable Development of a Regional Ecosystem:A Case Study of Lingwu City, Ningxia Province

作　　者：宗跃光[1] 周尚意[1] 温良 郭瑞华[1] 张振世[1] 徐宏彦 陈红春[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学资源与环境科学系,100875 [2]国地土地估价中心,100785 [3]深圳市规划与国土资源局福田分局,518045

出　　处：《生态学报》2002年第10期1573-1580,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 4 0 1 71 0 2 9);国家留学基金管理委员会资助项目 (留金出 ( 1 997) 0 0 7号 )

摘　　要：根据我国西部大开发战略 ,从生态经济价值理论出发 ,研究区域生态系统服务功能的价值体系及其基本估价方法。结合我国国情 ,将 Costanza等人单纯自然资本的测算推广到自然、经济、社会综合资本的测算 ,重点突出人类活动干扰下的区域生态系统资本价值结构分析。研究表明 :1 997年灵武市牧草地和水域提供的资本价值约占自然资本总价值的97% ,工矿业消耗的自然资本占自然资本总损耗的 84 %。根据本文的全面测算结果 ,1 990～ 1 997年灵武市生态价值总资本年均递增 4 .5 % ,它将部分抵消该市国民生产总值 1 2 .6 %年均增长率。此外 ,如果用自然资本的增减作为强可持续发展的临界指标 ,1 990～ 1 997年本区域自然总资本以年均 4 %的速度递减 。Evaluation procedure is an essential component of environmental impact assessment (EIA). The central purpose of evaluation is to help people to make effective, efficient, and environmental sound decisions on the basis of the best obtainable information (D.L.Lawrence, 1993). Environmental impact is any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organization's activities, products or services. In fact, the modern social-economic systems are driven by the positive feedback of exponential growth. The annual percent increase in gross national product (GNP) is taken as every nation's primary indicator of national well-being (W.E.Rees, 1990). There are two ecological problems with these commonplace economic expectations. Firstly, almost all the products or services of organizational activities and the final consumer goods are eventually discharged back into the biosphere as wastes. Secondly, ecological difficulty with the growth-dependent economic systems is that it depends on fixed stocks of natural resources taken by human almost free charge. Therefore, the understanding of systematic value structures of a regional ecosystem with EIA evaluation methods becomes essential necessary. Evaluation is the stage of the EIA process at which all the impact information is brought together and consideration is given to whether the impacts are socially acceptable or not (Richard, 1998). There are two concepts in environmental impact evaluation: the types of values in a regional ecosystem, such as use value, market value, present value, and the methods that could be used in evaluation process. One of the most significant changes in the field of economic valuation since the 1960s has been the move from the use of a comparatively narrow concept of value to a much wider perspective, marked by the introduction of the concept of Total Economic Value (TEV) (Pearce and Turner, 1990). TEV may be broken down into two basic categories of use values and non-use values with several sub-cat

关 键 词：区域生态系统 可持续发展 生态价值 宁夏灵武 环境影响评价 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]