江汉平原涝渍地农业生态环境恢复的对策与效益分析  

COUNTERMEASURE AND BENEFIT OF AGRICULTURAL ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT RESTORATION IN WATERLOGGING LAND OF JIANGHAN PLAIN

作　　者：刘章勇[1] 邱玉华[2] 刘百韬[1] 李必华 熊先忠 

机构地区：[1]湖北农学院涝渍地开发工程技术研究中心,湖北荆州434025 [2]华中师范大学环境管理中心,湖北武汉430079 [3]湖北省潜江市政府,湖北潜江433100

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2003年第2期184-188,共5页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：湖北省"九五"重大科技攻关项目"江汉平原四湖涝渍地综合开发研究"(962p0503)资助

摘　　要：由于长江流域日益严峻的外生态环境的压力,加上长期以来湖区不合理的围垦开发利用,使江汉平原涝渍地域的农业生态环境变得十分脆弱。主要表现为气候变率较大、分布不均,涝渍相随、旱涝并存,农业用水的水质劣化趋势加剧,涝渍地的土壤潜沼化仍在继续,土地生产力低下,涝渍地域相对贫困人口增加。要提高认识,更新观念,将水和涝渍地看成一种资源而非负担,从整个流域生态系统出发,用大农业的观点,走社会化自然顺应的生态环境恢复之路;要上防下截,蓄泄兼顾,控制围垦,退田还湖,通过工程、生物和农业措施使涝渍小生境得到改善;要加强理论研究和国际合作,使涝渍生态环境的治理恢复更加科学和可持续。不同类型的涝渍地农业生态环境的恢复实践表明,因地制宜地治理开发可以获取很好的生态经济效益。The agricultural ecological environment in waterlogging land has been becoming fragile because of the increasing pressure of severe outside ecological environment in the Yangtze basin and the unreasonable reclaimed land from marshes, and exploitation and utilization in lake areas. The manifestation is that the variation of climate is big, and the distribution is not uniform; the waterlogging and flood water on low-lying land always appear at the same season.The drought and waterlogging sometimes appear at the same year. The agricultural water quality becomes becoming bad.The waterlogging soil becomes marshy seriously; the waterlogging land productive forces is low; the relative poor people in waterlogging areas are becoming more and more. It is necessary to deepen the understanding and renew ideas. The abundant water and waterlogging land are resources but not burden. The restoration of ecological environment must go with social and natural condition using the big agricultural idea from the whole basin's ecological system. It is necessary for restoring to prevent flood on upper reaches and to cut off obstruction on lower reaches, to take into account storing and sluicing, to control reclaimed land from marshes, to return field to lake from the engineering measure, biological measure and agricultural measure. The restoration of waterlogging ecological environment must become more scientific and theoretical research and international cooperation be enhanced. The restoring practice of agricultural ecological environment on different waterlogging land type shows that the harnessing and exploiting of waterlogging land in the light of local conditions can achieve good ecological benefit and economic benefit.

关 键 词：农业生态环境 江汉平原 涝渍地 生态环境恢复 效益 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学] X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]