创业制度环境对创业决策的影响机制  

The influence mechanism of entrepreneurial institutional environment on entrepreneurial decision-making

作　　者：谷晨 王迎军[1] 崔连广 余军[2] GU Chen;WANG Ying-jun;CUI Lian-guang;YU Jun(Business School,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China;Hebei University,Baoding 071002,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学,天津300071 [2]河北大学,河北保定071002

出　　处：《科学学研究》2019年第4期711-720,共10页Studies in Science of Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71872091);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目

摘　　要：创业是我国推进创新驱动战略与经济结构转型的重要力量。对"为何同样制度环境下个体有着差异化创业决策"的问题,现有创业制度研究未能有效解答。因此本研究引入认知视角,试图揭示创业制度环境三类因素影响创业决策的微观机制,包括个体风险感知、机会评估及创业自我效能在这一"黑箱"中的作用。通过五省市1000份调研数据实证分析,结果表明:(1)三类创业制度的积极认知将显著促进创业决策生成;(2)制度环境通过影响个体风险感知、机会评估最终作用于创业决策;(3)三类制度作用机制有所不同,认知制度完全经由风险感知与机会评估的连续中介影响创业决策,规制制度与规范制度的作用路径则被二者部分中介;(4)风险感知会显著负向影响机会评估,即使个体具有较高自我效能,高风险感知仍会令其审慎评估机会,最终影响创业决策。研究结论有助于深入理解创业成因与制度影响,进而提升"双创"建设和我国创业质量。Entrepreneurship is an important force for China to promote innovation-driven strategy and economic structural transformation.Why does individuals have differentiated entrepreneurial decisions under the same institutional environment?Therefore,the study reveals the micro mechanism by which the institutional environment effects individuals’entrepreneurial decision-making.Through the empirical analysis of 1000 research data,the results show:(1)positive cognition of institutions will significantly promote the entrepreneurial decision-making;(2)the entrepreneurial institutional environment ultimately acts on entrepreneurial decision-making by influencing individuals’risk perception and opportunity assessment;(3)the specific ways that the three institutions effect decision are different.The cognitive institution influences entrepreneurial decision-making through the continuous mediators of risk perception and opportunity evaluation.The regulatory institution and the normative institution are partly mediated by these factors;(4)individual’s risk perception significantly negatively affects opportunity evaluation.The two cognitive factors have negative and positive effects on entrepreneurial decision-making respectively.These conclusions are helpful to improve the construction of institution and the quality of entrepreneurship in China.

关 键 词：创业规制制度 创业认知制度 创业规范制度 风险感知 机会评估 

分 类 号：F279.2[经济管理—企业管理]