声旁部分信息在儿童学习和记忆汉字中的作用  

THE ROLE OF PARTIAL INFORMATION A PHONETIC PROVIDES IN LEARNING AND MEMORIZING NEW CHARACTERS

作　　者：舒华[1] 毕雪梅[2] 武宁宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学心理学院,北京100875 [2]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《心理学报》2003年第1期9-16,共8页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：攀登项目 (95 专 0 9);国家自然科学基金项目 (3 0 0 70 2 5 9);教育部文科基地项目资助

摘　　要：采用类似课堂教学的学习 -测验任务 ,通过 3个实验探讨了声旁提供的部分读音信息在儿童学习和记忆汉字中的作用。被试来自北京市两所小学 2 6 0名四年级学生。实验中要求学生学习和记忆 3种生字 :(1)声旁提供汉字读音的全部信息 ,如规则一致字 ;(2 )声旁提供汉字读音的部分信息 ,如声调不同字或声母不同字 ;(3)声旁不提供汉字读音的信息 ,如声旁不知字。要求学生学习所有的字一遍后回忆生字的读音 ,共学习 3遍。实验发现 ,儿童学习和记忆汉字的正确率随声旁提供的整字读音信息不同而不同 :当声旁提供全部信息时正确率最高 ,当声旁提供部分信息时其次 ,当声旁没有提供信息时最低 ;而且声旁提供的部分信息越多 ,正确率越高。结果表明 ,儿童对声旁提供的部分读音信息敏感 ,发展声旁意识对学习和记忆汉字有积极作用。Phonetic awareness has been reported to be important in acquisition of Chinese characters. Using a learning-testing task, which is almost the same as the task a teacher uses in the classroom, the present study examined the role of partial information a phonetic provided for pronunciation of character in learning and memorizing new characters. The basic method is, in a serials of experiments, children are asked to learn and memorize three types of characters: (1) Characters in which the phonetic provides full information (onset, rime and tone) for pronunciation of the whole character, that is regular character. (2) Characters in which the phonetic provides partial information for pronunciation of the whole character, like tone-different character (onset and rime) and onset-different character (rime). (3) Characters in which the phonetic provides no information for pronunciation of the whole character, like phonetic-unknown character. The results showed: (a) Characters in which the phonetic provides full information were better learned than characters in which the phonetic provides partial information, and characters in which the phonetic provides partial information were learned better than characters in which the phonetic provides no information. (b) Children got higher score on tone-different semi-regular characters than on onset-different characters. All these suggested that children can make use of partial information and they are sensitive to different degrees of partial information. So partial information is helpful for children in learning and memorizing new Chinese characters.

关 键 词：汉字 声旁 部分读音信息 儿童 学习 记忆 实验 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学] H122[哲学宗教—心理学]