低温对钢材及其构件性能影响研究综述  

Study on Performance of Steel and the Components under Low Temperature

作　　者：张玉玲[1] 潘际炎[2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学,北京100084 [2]铁道科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2003年第2期89-96,共8页China Railway Science

摘　　要：在寒冷地区建设焊接钢桥,需要解决材料和焊缝防低温脆断的标准问题。通过调研大量国内外有关数据,定性分析了低温对钢材主要力学指标和对疲劳性能的影响。研究表明低温将使材料屈服强度和极限强度提高,屈服强度提高速度大于极限强度;低温将降低材料韧性。至于对疲劳性能影响趋势,取决于钢材所在结构细节。在低温环境下,焊接钢桥可以通过合理控制工艺和技术指标,达到安全使用的目的。It is necessary to establish the criterion for the construction of railway welded steel bridge in the cold region to prevent brittle fracture of the material and welds under low temperature. According to related data of home and abroad, this paper carries out qualitative analysis on the influences of low temperature on the main mechanics characteristics and fatigue performance of steel. It shows that low temperature will cause the increase of the yield strength and limited the strength of the material, but the yield strength increases faster than the limited strength. And low temperature will decrease the toughness of the material. As for the development of fatigue performance, it depends on the details of the steel structure. It also points out that under the low temperature, welded steel bridge can be used safely when technical processing and technical criteria are well controlled. 

关 键 词：钢材 钢桥 低温 机械性能 钢结构 脆性断裂 屈服强度 极限强度 

分 类 号：TU391[建筑科学—结构工程] U448.36[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]