超富集植物吸收富集重金属的生理和分子生物学机制  

Physiological and molecular biological mechanisms of heavy metal absorption and accumulation in hyperaccumualtors

作　　者：李文学[1] 陈同斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复室,北京100101

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2003年第4期627-631,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目 ( 40 0 710 75 );中国科学院知识创新工程重点方向项目(KZCX2-40 1 00 2 );王宽诚博士后工作奖励基金资助 .

摘　　要：与普通植物相比 ,超富集植物在地上部富集大量重金属离子的情况下可以正常生长 ,其富集重金属的机理已经成为当前植物逆境生理研究的热点领域 .尤其是近两年 ,随着分子生物学等现代技术手段的引入 ,关于重金属离子富集机理的研究取得了一定进展 .通过与酵母突变株功能互补克隆到了多条编码微量元素转运蛋白的全长cDNA ;也从分子水平上研究了谷胱甘肽、植物螯合素、金属硫蛋白、有机酸或氨基酸等含巯基物质与重金属富集之间的可能关系 .本文从植物生理和分子生物学角度简要评述超富集植物对重金属元素的吸收、富集、螯合及区室化的机制 .In comparison with normal plants, hyperaccumulators have the ability to accumulate heavy metals in their shoots far exceeding those observed in soil, without suffering from detrimental effects.With the help of molecular technologies, the research on the mechanisms of heavy metal accumulation in hyperaccumulators has been made a great progress. A number of trace element transporters have been cloned by functional complementation with yeast mutants defective in metal absorption. The relations between glutathione, phytochelatins metallothioneins, organic acids and heavy metals have been studied by molecular technologies. This review concentrated on the physiological and molecular mechanisms of heavy metal absorption and sequestration in hyperaccumulators.

关 键 词：超富集植物 重金属 生理学机制 分子生物学机制 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]