气力集排式水稻排种系统播量控制模型研究  

Establishment of Seeding Amount Control Model for Centralized Pneumatic Metering System for Rice

作　　者：祁兵[1] 张文毅[1] 余山山[1] 纪要 李坤[1] 张书彦 

机构地区：[1]农业部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2018年第S1期125-131,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51505243);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0700704);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2016342);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(S201702)

摘　　要：水稻排种器播量调整多采用排种槽有效长度调节或排种轮与机具前进速比调节,播量调整精度有限。为了提高气力集排式排种系统播量调节精度,针对生产中常用的4种不同含水率稻种状态,以种层高度、排种轮转速为试验因素,以排种轮单圈排量为试验指标开展试验研究,分析各作业过程中的动态变化参数对排种轮单圈排量的影响规律。试验表明:不同稻种状态下单圈排量均随着排种轮转速的升高而降低,当种层高度一定时,二者成反比关系;单圈排量随种层高度的升高呈先增大后减小的趋势变化,不同稻种状态下的单圈排量最大值出现在种层高度为25. 35~31. 55 cm处; 4种不同稻种状态下,单圈排量由大到小依次是干稻种、晾干2 d、晾干1 d、湿稻种,单圈排量随种子含水率的升高而降低。通过二元回归分析拟合出4种常见稻种状态下单圈排量与种层高度、排种轮转速的回归模型,并构建了基于排种轮转速调控的播量控制模型。在室内搭建了控制系统试验平台对播量控制模型进行了验证试验,试验显示构建的播量控制模型平均误差2. 07%,实际播量变异系数为2. 59%,验证结果与播量控制模型基本一致。本文建立了多因素影响下的水稻播量控制模型,明确了种层高度、排种轮转速、稻种含水率对单圈排量的影响规律,可为水稻直播机播量控制系统设计与优化提供借鉴。Rice is one of the most important food crops in China. Rice direct seeding is becoming more and more popular in China for its low-input demand. A centralized pneumatic metering system for rice direct seeding was involved,which distributed seeds to 33 rows through only one metering system. There were two main ways to adjust the seeding amount of a rice seeder. One was the effective length adjustment of seed meter and the other one was the adjustment of speed ratio of metering wheel and machine. Either way treated seeding rate of each turn(SRE) as a fixed value,and the accuracy of seeding rate adjustment was poor. Seed height(h),speed of the seed metering wheel(n) and seed moisture content were the key factors for SRE of the metering system. In order to improve the accuracy of seeding rater of the centralized pneumatic metering system,experiments were carried out through a metering device testbed JPS-12,seed height(h) and speed of the seed metering wheel(n) under four different moisture contents of seeds were selected as the experimental factor while SRE was selected as the test index. The effect of seed height(h),speed of seed metering wheel(n) and seed moisture content on SRE was revealed by the analysis of the test data. The experiment showed that SRE of different seed moisture content was decreased with the increase of rotation speed of the metering wheel. When the height of the seed height was fixed,the two was inverse ratio. SRE was increased at first and then decreased with the increase of seed height,and the maximum of SRE appeared when the seed height was between 25. 35 cmand 31. 55 cm. Under the four different seed moisture contents,SRE from large to small were dry seed,seed that dried two days,seed that dried one day and wet seed,and SRE was decreased with the increase of seed moisture content. With two-regression analysis,the regression model of SRE with seed height and speed of the seed metering wheel under four different seed moisture contents was acquired,and a seeding amount control model based on t

关 键 词：水稻 直播机 气力式排种器 播量控制 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]