中国转轨过程中的企业行为和市场均衡  

Enterprise Behavior and Market Equilibrium in China's Transition Period

作　　者：刘小玄[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院经济研究所,北京100836

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2003年第2期61-71,共11页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：中国社会科学院重点基础课题的成果之一

摘　　要：本文把对中国国有企业行为的研究放在不同市场框架下进行 ,发现在垄断竞争市场上 ,国有企业的目标行为是以销售收入最大化为主要形式。在一般竞争性市场上 ,则是以费用支出最大化为主要形式。这两种行为的实质都是以追求经营管理者的利益最大化为目标。之所以在不同市场中表现为不同形式 ,原因在于企业销售最大化行为是搭政府扩张政绩的便车 ,借助政府的市场控制力量 ,把产量扩张至超过利润最大化的最优均衡点。而企业费用最大化行为是搭政府维护就业稳定目标的便车 ,依附于这种最低政绩目标 ,能够在低于以利润为目标的退出均衡点下持续生存。市场均衡就是在这样的行为基础上实现的 ,因此供给过剩往往不可避免。基本的政策含义在于 ,在竞争市场上 ,解决产权问题是首要的 ,而在垄断竞争市场上 ,解决行政性的市场垄断最为关键。反垄断应当成为中国转轨时期迫切和长期的任务。The behavior of China's state owned enterprises (SOEs) is studied in this paper in terms of different market frameworks; it is found that in a monopolistic competitive market the SOEs take maximizing sales income as their main target while in a general competitive market the maximizing expenditure serves as the main form. The essence of both kinds of behavior is to seek the maximum interests of managerial and administrative personnel. Maximizing the firm's sales takes advantage of the government's market controlling forces to increase output beyond the optimal equilibrium point of maximum profit. Maximizing a firm's expenditure capitalizes on the government's efforts to maintain a reasonable level of employment in the interest of its own survival. Market equilibrium is based on these behaviors and supply surplus is inevitable. The basic policy implication is that in a competitive market the first priority should be given to property rights reform while in a monopoly market the key problem is to eliminate administrative monopoly forces. Hence an urgent and long term task during China's transition is the fight against monopoly.

关 键 词：转轨经济学 企业行为 市场均衡 国有企业 垄断 竞争 中国 

分 类 号：F279.2[经济管理—企业管理]