基因芯片技术和蛋白质组技术在神经科学中的应用及其研究进展  

Advances in the Applications of DNA Chips and Proteomics Approaches for Neurosciences

作　　者：王浩然[1] 李量[2] 高祥荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学神经科学研究所 [2]北京大学心理学系

出　　处：《生理科学进展》2003年第2期121-126,共6页Progress in Physiological Sciences

基　　金：北京大学 985项目基金;中华医学基金专项人才项目;国家自然科学基金 ( 30 2 70 4 2 5;30 2 0 0 0 72 )资助课题

摘　　要：基因芯片技术和蛋白质组技术是最近发展起来的高通量技术 ,二者的出现使同时分析神经系统的大量基因的表达和基因产物蛋白质及其相互作用网络成为可能。它们在神经科学中的应用为了解脑功能提供了前所未有的机会。一个典型的基因芯片实验包括 :芯片的准备或购买、靶DNA和探针的准备或标记、标记探针与靶DNA的杂交、芯片扫描和影象信息的数据分析。蛋白质组技术较为复杂 ,包括蛋白质分离、鉴定和信息分析三方面的内容。其中 ,分离技术多种多样。若分离技术以二维电泳为基础 ,则该实验通常由以下步骤组成 :蛋白质样品的准备、电泳分离、染胶、分离蛋白点的切除、蛋白质的酶解 (常用胰蛋白酶 )、质谱分析 (鉴定 )和数据的信息处理。本文综述这两项技术的内容和实验步骤 ,然后着重叙述它们在神经科学中的应用 ,讨论其优缺点和面临的挑战 。DNA chips and proteomics are two of the recently developed high throughput technologies that allow us to simultaneously analyze the expression levels of multiple genes and the interactions of their products in the brain. Their applications in neuroscience provide us with the unprecedented opportunities for understanding of the brain. A typical gene chip experiment contains a series of steps, including preparations (or purchase) of DNA chips, target DNA and probes, hybridization of chips with target DNA, chip scanning, and imaging analysis. The technologies in proteomics are more complicated, which comprise of three main aspects of technologies: protein isolation, identification and bioinformatic analysis of data. If protein isolation is based on 2 D, it includes the preparation of protein sample, 2 D, staining gels, spot excision, proteolysis, mass spectrometry of purified protein and finally undergoing bioinformatic analysis. Here we review the two technologies with emphasis on their applications in neurosciences. The challenges, advantages and disadvantages of the two techniques, and perspectives for their developments are discussed.

关 键 词：基因芯片技术 蛋白质组技术 神经科学 神经系统 网络 

分 类 号：R338[医药卫生—人体生理学]