外来种入侵的生物学与生态学基础的若干问题  

Fundamentals of invasive species biology and ecology

作　　者：黄建辉[1] 韩兴国[1] 杨亲二[2] 白永飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学重点实验室,北京100093 [2]中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《生物多样性》2003年第3期240-247,共8页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 (G2 0 0 0 0 4680 2 )

摘　　要：外来物种的入侵及其所造成的危害已越来越为人们所认识。一个外来物种入侵一个新的生境无疑要具备一定的条件 ,尽管目前对这种条件的研究还只是初步的。首先从其自身来说 ,需要有足够的入侵性 ,这可以认为是入侵种的生物学基础 ,可能表现为具有多倍性、一定的遗传变异、杂合性或表型可塑性 ,以及不同的交配系统等 ;其次一个物种的入侵成功还取决于入侵生境的可入侵性 ,这可以认为是入侵种的生态学基础 ,而新的种间关系的形成 ,尤其是入侵种与其他种类的互惠共生关系的建成是关键。本文主要介绍了有关入侵种的生物学和生态学基础中的一些最新进展 。The impact of invasive species on native species, communities and ecosystems has been widely recognized. There must be some prerequisites for an alien species to invade a new environment, although the research on this aspect is still in a preliminary stage. Firstly, an invasive species must be invasive enough in itself or has some biological distinction, such as quantitative and qualitative differences in the genome, or patterns of recombination. Secondly, to invade successfully, a new environment for an invasive species must be invasible, and this we may call the ecological basis of invasion. An invasive species may need to establish new interactions with other species, especially those mutualistic relations such as animal related pollination, seed dispersal by animals, mycorrhizal fungi, and symbioses between plants and nitrogen fixing bacteria. In this article, we review some advances in research of invasive biology and ecology in order to facilitate relevant research in China and prevent dispersal and expansion of some harmful invasive species.

关 键 词：入侵 外来物种 入侵生物学 入侵生态学 危害 

分 类 号：Q146[生物学—生态学]